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LANIF · 012 OIB
★ ★
PL A Division of Geneva College
GENEVA · 1848
A C O M M U N I T Y O F L E A R N E R S , E D U C AT O R S , A N D I N N O V AT O R S
BIO D 210 — Genetics Final Examination
P O RTAG E L E A R N I N G · 1 0 0 % S O LV E D
INSTITUTION Portage Learning (Geneva College) COURSE CODE BIO D 210
PROGRAM Undergraduate — Genetics ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Final Examination — 100% Solved TOTAL QUESTIONS 75 Questions
COURSE TITLE Genetics FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ This exam covers molecular genetics, DNA replication, transcription, translation, Mendelian inheritance,
chromosomal abnormalities, and laboratory techniques.
▸ Correct answers and detailed academic rationales appear below each question.
, SECTION I — GENETICS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Questions 1 – 75
INHERITANCE & LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
1. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information. Which
sequence correctly represents this flow?
A. RNA → DNA → Protein
B. DNA → RNA → Protein
C. Protein → RNA → DNA
D. DNA → Protein → RNA
CORRECT ANSWER B — DNA → RNA → Protein
RATIONALE The Central Dogma describes: DNA Replication (makes DNA copies), Transcription
(produces RNA copy of a gene), and Translation (produces a polypeptide using
mRNA information). The polypeptide can then become a functional protein
contributing to an organism's traits.
2. The correct sequence of the cell life cycle is:
A. G1-G2-S-G0-Mitosis
B. G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
C. S-G1-G2-Mitosis-G0
D. Mitosis-G1-S-G2-G0
CORRECT ANSWER B — G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
RATIONALE The cell cycle proceeds: G1 (interphase growth), G0 (rest period), G1, S (DNA
replication), G2 (second growth phase), then Mitosis. G0 is a quiescent phase
where cells exit the active cycle.
,3. Each nucleotide in DNA contains which three components?
A. Amino acid, ribose sugar, nitrogen base
B. Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
C. Phosphate group, 6-carbon sugar, amino acid
D. Nitrogen base, ribose sugar, fatty acid
CORRECT ANSWER B — Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
RATIONALE Each DNA nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar
(deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T). Nucleotides form long
strands via phosphodiester bonds, creating the double helix.
4. In DNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) using how many hydrogen
bonds?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
CORRECT ANSWER B—2
RATIONALE A and T are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, while G and C are held together
by 3 hydrogen bonds. This difference in bond strength contributes to the stability
of GC-rich DNA regions.
, 5. What makes RNA different from DNA?
A. RNA uses Thymine instead of Uracil and has an H group on the 2' carbon
B. RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine and has an OH group on the 2' carbon
C. RNA is double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
D. RNA contains deoxyribose sugar instead of ribose
CORRECT ANSWER B — RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine and has an OH group on the 2'
carbon
RATIONALE RNA differs from DNA in two key ways: it uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T),
and it has a hydroxyl (OH) group on the 2' carbon of ribose sugar, whereas DNA
has only a hydrogen (H) at that position.
6. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the middle of the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Prometaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
CORRECT ANSWER C — Metaphase
RATIONALE During metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (middle of the
cell). Prophase involves chromosome condensation. Prometaphase dissolves the
nuclear envelope. Anaphase pulls chromosomes apart.
LANIF · 012 OIB
★ ★
PL A Division of Geneva College
GENEVA · 1848
A C O M M U N I T Y O F L E A R N E R S , E D U C AT O R S , A N D I N N O V AT O R S
BIO D 210 — Genetics Final Examination
P O RTAG E L E A R N I N G · 1 0 0 % S O LV E D
INSTITUTION Portage Learning (Geneva College) COURSE CODE BIO D 210
PROGRAM Undergraduate — Genetics ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Final Examination — 100% Solved TOTAL QUESTIONS 75 Questions
COURSE TITLE Genetics FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ This exam covers molecular genetics, DNA replication, transcription, translation, Mendelian inheritance,
chromosomal abnormalities, and laboratory techniques.
▸ Correct answers and detailed academic rationales appear below each question.
, SECTION I — GENETICS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,
Questions 1 – 75
INHERITANCE & LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
1. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information. Which
sequence correctly represents this flow?
A. RNA → DNA → Protein
B. DNA → RNA → Protein
C. Protein → RNA → DNA
D. DNA → Protein → RNA
CORRECT ANSWER B — DNA → RNA → Protein
RATIONALE The Central Dogma describes: DNA Replication (makes DNA copies), Transcription
(produces RNA copy of a gene), and Translation (produces a polypeptide using
mRNA information). The polypeptide can then become a functional protein
contributing to an organism's traits.
2. The correct sequence of the cell life cycle is:
A. G1-G2-S-G0-Mitosis
B. G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
C. S-G1-G2-Mitosis-G0
D. Mitosis-G1-S-G2-G0
CORRECT ANSWER B — G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
RATIONALE The cell cycle proceeds: G1 (interphase growth), G0 (rest period), G1, S (DNA
replication), G2 (second growth phase), then Mitosis. G0 is a quiescent phase
where cells exit the active cycle.
,3. Each nucleotide in DNA contains which three components?
A. Amino acid, ribose sugar, nitrogen base
B. Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
C. Phosphate group, 6-carbon sugar, amino acid
D. Nitrogen base, ribose sugar, fatty acid
CORRECT ANSWER B — Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
RATIONALE Each DNA nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar
(deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T). Nucleotides form long
strands via phosphodiester bonds, creating the double helix.
4. In DNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) using how many hydrogen
bonds?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
CORRECT ANSWER B—2
RATIONALE A and T are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds, while G and C are held together
by 3 hydrogen bonds. This difference in bond strength contributes to the stability
of GC-rich DNA regions.
, 5. What makes RNA different from DNA?
A. RNA uses Thymine instead of Uracil and has an H group on the 2' carbon
B. RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine and has an OH group on the 2' carbon
C. RNA is double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
D. RNA contains deoxyribose sugar instead of ribose
CORRECT ANSWER B — RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine and has an OH group on the 2'
carbon
RATIONALE RNA differs from DNA in two key ways: it uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T),
and it has a hydroxyl (OH) group on the 2' carbon of ribose sugar, whereas DNA
has only a hydrogen (H) at that position.
6. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the middle of the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Prometaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
CORRECT ANSWER C — Metaphase
RATIONALE During metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate (middle of the
cell). Prophase involves chromosome condensation. Prometaphase dissolves the
nuclear envelope. Anaphase pulls chromosomes apart.
