Multi-store-memory store (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
AO1:
o Multi Store Memory Model looks memory as 3 separates stores including sensory
Memory, Short Term Memory and Long-term Memory.
o It states that the capacity of Sensory Memory is very large and can hole information
for a duration of 2 secs, and its mode of encoding is modality specific.
o The LTM has unlimited capacity and have hold information for years or even more
and its mode of encoding it mostly semantic
o Retrieval or cue might be needed for us to recall information from the long-term
memory
AO3:
Strength:
o A strength is that Clive Wearing damages his hippocampus which hold the STM and
since then he was unable to encode new information from the STM to LTM but was able
to retrieve form the LTM. Therefore, supporting the MSMM idea that that rehearsal is
needed for encoding to occur as the STM damages seems to prevent him from rehearsing
thus encoding information to the LTM.
o A strength is that Glanzer and Cunitz used a word list and found the “Primary and
Recency Effect) where people often have better recall of words from the start of the list
and have worse recall of the words at the end of the list. Therefore, supporting the
MSMM idea that our memory consists of 3 linear storage systems as rehearsal of the first
word led to it encoding to the LTM whereas the last word was lost in the STM.
o A strength is that the MSMM is applicable to society where we can use the idea of
maintenance and elaborative rehearsal in the STM and LTM to help improve revision
quality of students. Therefore, allowing students to revise more efficiently by teaching
them to keep rehearsing new information received.
Weakness:
o A weakness is that the KC motorcycle incident shows that he could recall facts from the
LTM but show server memory impairment in remembering personal events in his life
before the accident. Therefore, suggesting that the MSMM is oversimplified as there
seems to have different long-term stores for factual memory and pass individual events to
explain only certain memories can be retrieved from LTM.
o A weakness is that subjects of case studies that are used to support the model such as
Clive Wearing, Henry Molaison are unique cases of brain damage. Therefore, the results
found may not be generalisable to people who have a fully functional brain, and the
model fails to address to individual differences of the memory structure.
o Lack of ecological validity
, Notes from lesson:
Strength: Clive wearing
Another strength Glanzer and Cunitz Short term memory limited capacity, if we rehearse
STM will go to LTM
HM unable to transfer
Weakness:
KC/KF cases of brain damage due to motorcycle accident
His STM ability to encode/maintain were different type of information oversimplifies the
STM as one store but can actually area of auditory and visual info
Tulving suggest that LTM nor just one single store
Have to rehearse info to go from STM to LTM but many info days or week later that we
haven’t actively rehearse do we really need to rehearse everything
Other points:
Not generalisable with unique cases
AO1:
o Multi Store Memory Model looks memory as 3 separates stores including sensory
Memory, Short Term Memory and Long-term Memory.
o It states that the capacity of Sensory Memory is very large and can hole information
for a duration of 2 secs, and its mode of encoding is modality specific.
o The LTM has unlimited capacity and have hold information for years or even more
and its mode of encoding it mostly semantic
o Retrieval or cue might be needed for us to recall information from the long-term
memory
AO3:
Strength:
o A strength is that Clive Wearing damages his hippocampus which hold the STM and
since then he was unable to encode new information from the STM to LTM but was able
to retrieve form the LTM. Therefore, supporting the MSMM idea that that rehearsal is
needed for encoding to occur as the STM damages seems to prevent him from rehearsing
thus encoding information to the LTM.
o A strength is that Glanzer and Cunitz used a word list and found the “Primary and
Recency Effect) where people often have better recall of words from the start of the list
and have worse recall of the words at the end of the list. Therefore, supporting the
MSMM idea that our memory consists of 3 linear storage systems as rehearsal of the first
word led to it encoding to the LTM whereas the last word was lost in the STM.
o A strength is that the MSMM is applicable to society where we can use the idea of
maintenance and elaborative rehearsal in the STM and LTM to help improve revision
quality of students. Therefore, allowing students to revise more efficiently by teaching
them to keep rehearsing new information received.
Weakness:
o A weakness is that the KC motorcycle incident shows that he could recall facts from the
LTM but show server memory impairment in remembering personal events in his life
before the accident. Therefore, suggesting that the MSMM is oversimplified as there
seems to have different long-term stores for factual memory and pass individual events to
explain only certain memories can be retrieved from LTM.
o A weakness is that subjects of case studies that are used to support the model such as
Clive Wearing, Henry Molaison are unique cases of brain damage. Therefore, the results
found may not be generalisable to people who have a fully functional brain, and the
model fails to address to individual differences of the memory structure.
o Lack of ecological validity
, Notes from lesson:
Strength: Clive wearing
Another strength Glanzer and Cunitz Short term memory limited capacity, if we rehearse
STM will go to LTM
HM unable to transfer
Weakness:
KC/KF cases of brain damage due to motorcycle accident
His STM ability to encode/maintain were different type of information oversimplifies the
STM as one store but can actually area of auditory and visual info
Tulving suggest that LTM nor just one single store
Have to rehearse info to go from STM to LTM but many info days or week later that we
haven’t actively rehearse do we really need to rehearse everything
Other points:
Not generalisable with unique cases
