ANA 109 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is anatomy? - Answers - study of structure
Physiology - Answers - study of function
What are the levels of structural organization from most to least complex? - Answers -
1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Macromolecule
4. Organelle
5. Cell
6. Tissue
7. Organ
8. Organ System
9. Organism
Describe three characteristics of organs? - Answers - Organs function together with
other organs to make up an organ system
Organs are composed of several types of cell/tissues
Organs can function in several organ systems
What is metabolism? - Answers - sum of all chemical reactions in the body; catabolism
and anabolism
What is catabolism? - Answers - Breaking down of larger parts into smaller
What is anabolism? - Answers - Building up of smaller parts into larger
What is homeostasis? - Answers - Maintaining a stable internal environment;
Equilibrium
What are two examples of positive feedback systems in the human body? - Answers -
Childbirth and Blood clotting
Describe the anatomical position - Answers - Eyes forward, standing upright, palms
facing forward, feet shoulder width apart, feet flat on ground parallel, head/neck forward,
arms by side
Coronal/ Frontal plane - Answers - splits body into front and back; anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane - Answers - Splits body into left and right portions
Transverse/ Cross section plane - Answers - Splits body into upper and lower portions;
superior and inferior
, Midsagitall (median) Plane - Answers - Splits the body straight down the middle into
right and left portions
Parasagittal plane - Answers - Divides body into unequal right and left sides
Superior/Inferior - Answers - Away from surface/Toward surface
Anterior/Posterior - Answers - Front/Back
Medial/Lateral - Answers - Towards midline/Away from midline
Proximal/Distal - Answers - closer to trunk/further from trunk
Superficial/Deep - Answers - toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface
Ipsilateral/contralateral - Answers - same side of body/opposite side of body
T or F: The end of the hair is distal to the skin - Answers - true
T or F: The fingernail is proximal to the knuckles - Answers - False; distal
T or F: The elbow is proximal to the shoulder - Answers - false; distal
T or F: The mouth is proximal to the stomach - Answers - False; distal
T or F: The right kidney is contralateral to the right ovary - Answers - False; ipsilateral
T or F: The nose is superior to the mouth - Answers - True
T or F: The eyes are posterior to the brain - Answers - False; anterior
What is function of the serous membrane? - Answers - Secrete a lubricating fluid to
reduce friction from a muscle movement
Where are the location of the structures that make up serous membrane? - Answers - 1.
Visceral: Covers an organ
2. Parietal: Covers the wall of the body cavity
3. Serous fluid: allows layers to slide with minimal friction
How many abdominopelvic quadrants? - Answers - 4
How many abdominopelvic regions? - Answers - 9
What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants? - Answers - 1. Right Upper Quadrant
(RUQ)
What is anatomy? - Answers - study of structure
Physiology - Answers - study of function
What are the levels of structural organization from most to least complex? - Answers -
1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Macromolecule
4. Organelle
5. Cell
6. Tissue
7. Organ
8. Organ System
9. Organism
Describe three characteristics of organs? - Answers - Organs function together with
other organs to make up an organ system
Organs are composed of several types of cell/tissues
Organs can function in several organ systems
What is metabolism? - Answers - sum of all chemical reactions in the body; catabolism
and anabolism
What is catabolism? - Answers - Breaking down of larger parts into smaller
What is anabolism? - Answers - Building up of smaller parts into larger
What is homeostasis? - Answers - Maintaining a stable internal environment;
Equilibrium
What are two examples of positive feedback systems in the human body? - Answers -
Childbirth and Blood clotting
Describe the anatomical position - Answers - Eyes forward, standing upright, palms
facing forward, feet shoulder width apart, feet flat on ground parallel, head/neck forward,
arms by side
Coronal/ Frontal plane - Answers - splits body into front and back; anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane - Answers - Splits body into left and right portions
Transverse/ Cross section plane - Answers - Splits body into upper and lower portions;
superior and inferior
, Midsagitall (median) Plane - Answers - Splits the body straight down the middle into
right and left portions
Parasagittal plane - Answers - Divides body into unequal right and left sides
Superior/Inferior - Answers - Away from surface/Toward surface
Anterior/Posterior - Answers - Front/Back
Medial/Lateral - Answers - Towards midline/Away from midline
Proximal/Distal - Answers - closer to trunk/further from trunk
Superficial/Deep - Answers - toward or at the body surface/away from the body surface
Ipsilateral/contralateral - Answers - same side of body/opposite side of body
T or F: The end of the hair is distal to the skin - Answers - true
T or F: The fingernail is proximal to the knuckles - Answers - False; distal
T or F: The elbow is proximal to the shoulder - Answers - false; distal
T or F: The mouth is proximal to the stomach - Answers - False; distal
T or F: The right kidney is contralateral to the right ovary - Answers - False; ipsilateral
T or F: The nose is superior to the mouth - Answers - True
T or F: The eyes are posterior to the brain - Answers - False; anterior
What is function of the serous membrane? - Answers - Secrete a lubricating fluid to
reduce friction from a muscle movement
Where are the location of the structures that make up serous membrane? - Answers - 1.
Visceral: Covers an organ
2. Parietal: Covers the wall of the body cavity
3. Serous fluid: allows layers to slide with minimal friction
How many abdominopelvic quadrants? - Answers - 4
How many abdominopelvic regions? - Answers - 9
What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants? - Answers - 1. Right Upper Quadrant
(RUQ)
