BIOL 3500 UTAH VALLEY UNIVERSITY | ADVANCED BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE | EXAMS, QUIZZES
& FINAL REVIEW 2026
DNA Helicase - correct answer ✔✔Unzips the DNA strand
Topoisomerase - correct answer ✔✔Relieves tension caused by DNA helicase.
RNA Primase - correct answer ✔✔Adds a short RNA primer complementary to a single-stranded
DNA.
DNA Polymerase III - correct answer ✔✔The "heavy mover" of DNA replication, does most of
the work.
DNA Polymerase I - correct answer ✔✔Chews off the RNA oligonucleotide (primer) and fills the
gap left by it until DNA ligase comes and connects the Okazaki fragments.
Telomerase - correct answer ✔✔Maintains the ends of the chromosomes.
Proteome - correct answer ✔✔Collection of proteins in a cell.
Number of genes humans have: - correct answer ✔✔21,000 to 30,000 that make mRNA, but
there are many more proteins (150,000) present in human cells.
Promoters - correct answer ✔✔Where RNA polymerase binds.
-35 Box - correct answer ✔✔35 bp above the +1 .
+1 - correct answer ✔✔The first nucleotide transcribed, part of the 5' untranslated region.
, TATA box - correct answer ✔✔15-17 bp past -35 box. Serves as a signal for promoter.
Lac Operon - correct answer ✔✔Group of genes that are coordinately controlled to metabolize
lactose.
LacZ - correct answer ✔✔Encodes B-galactosidase, which is the enzyme that chops up lactose.
LacY - correct answer ✔✔Makes permease, which brings lactose into the cell.
LacA - correct answer ✔✔Makes transacetylase, purpose unknown.
LacI - correct answer ✔✔Makes repressor, which will bind to the operator and inhibit
transcription.
Lac Promoter - correct answer ✔✔Where RNA Polymerase binds. If the promoter is defective,
the polymerase can't bind, and no transcription will take place.
Lac Operator - correct answer ✔✔Sequence to which the repressor binds.
cAMP - correct answer ✔✔Cyclic AMP. It's levels are low when glucose is high, and high when
glucose is low. It's a signal for the operon to begin transcription. This is a form of positive
control.
CAP - correct answer ✔✔Encoded by the crp gene. Requires cAMP to function. Acts as a form of
positive gene regulation, by binding to the promoter and increasing RNA polymerase's affinity
for lactose.
& FINAL REVIEW 2026
DNA Helicase - correct answer ✔✔Unzips the DNA strand
Topoisomerase - correct answer ✔✔Relieves tension caused by DNA helicase.
RNA Primase - correct answer ✔✔Adds a short RNA primer complementary to a single-stranded
DNA.
DNA Polymerase III - correct answer ✔✔The "heavy mover" of DNA replication, does most of
the work.
DNA Polymerase I - correct answer ✔✔Chews off the RNA oligonucleotide (primer) and fills the
gap left by it until DNA ligase comes and connects the Okazaki fragments.
Telomerase - correct answer ✔✔Maintains the ends of the chromosomes.
Proteome - correct answer ✔✔Collection of proteins in a cell.
Number of genes humans have: - correct answer ✔✔21,000 to 30,000 that make mRNA, but
there are many more proteins (150,000) present in human cells.
Promoters - correct answer ✔✔Where RNA polymerase binds.
-35 Box - correct answer ✔✔35 bp above the +1 .
+1 - correct answer ✔✔The first nucleotide transcribed, part of the 5' untranslated region.
, TATA box - correct answer ✔✔15-17 bp past -35 box. Serves as a signal for promoter.
Lac Operon - correct answer ✔✔Group of genes that are coordinately controlled to metabolize
lactose.
LacZ - correct answer ✔✔Encodes B-galactosidase, which is the enzyme that chops up lactose.
LacY - correct answer ✔✔Makes permease, which brings lactose into the cell.
LacA - correct answer ✔✔Makes transacetylase, purpose unknown.
LacI - correct answer ✔✔Makes repressor, which will bind to the operator and inhibit
transcription.
Lac Promoter - correct answer ✔✔Where RNA Polymerase binds. If the promoter is defective,
the polymerase can't bind, and no transcription will take place.
Lac Operator - correct answer ✔✔Sequence to which the repressor binds.
cAMP - correct answer ✔✔Cyclic AMP. It's levels are low when glucose is high, and high when
glucose is low. It's a signal for the operon to begin transcription. This is a form of positive
control.
CAP - correct answer ✔✔Encoded by the crp gene. Requires cAMP to function. Acts as a form of
positive gene regulation, by binding to the promoter and increasing RNA polymerase's affinity
for lactose.
