CPHON Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Graded
A+
Question:
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is a group of disorders characterized by
Answer:
malfunction of the immune system where antibodies are produced against antigens on the surface
of RBSs, resulting in hemolysis
Question:
T/F RBC survival is proportional to the amount of antibody on the RBC surface; therefore the
greater the amount of antibody the more rapidly the RBC is destroyed.
Answer:
True
Question:
Intravascular Hemolysis is -
Answer:
RBC lysis in circulation - Antibodies bind to the RBC membrane therefore activating the
complement cascade - damaged membrane causes increased osmotic pressure within cell and the
cell bursts
Question:
Extravascular hemolysis is
Answer:
occurs when complement fixation to RBC fails to activate complement cascade - the complement
on the RBC surface interacts with receptors in macrophages in the lungs, liver, and spleen -> RBC
phagocytosis
Question:
Causes of AIHA (4)
Answer:
,1. Autoimmune disorders (LUPUS) 2. Infections (hepatitis, EBV, myco pneu) 3. Drugs (peni and
quinine) 4. Hematologic disorders(Evan's syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
Question:
Incidence of AIHA
Answer:
1 case per 80,000 persons
Question:
Clinical Symptoms of Severe AIHA -
Answer:
- pallor - jaundice - fatigue - tachycardia -hypoxia --> organ damage - splenomagaly
Question:
What labs should be ordered if AIHA is suspected?
Answer:
cbc d/p, retic, peripheral smear, Coombs test, bilirubin, LDH, and haptoglobin
Question:
Labs findings that suggest AIHA is possible:
Answer:
1. Coombs direct (DAT) : + which indicates antibodies against the RBC 2. Low Hemoglobin 3.
Increased Retic 4. Spherocytes, schistocytes, or erythrocyte agglutination on blood smear 5.
Increased LDH 6. Decreased haptoglobin 7. Hemoglobinuria 8. Increased Unconj bilirubin
Question:
Possible parts of the Treatment Plan of AIHA
Answer:
1. Stop medication if suspected as cause 2. Prednisone 2-4 mg/kg/day 3. High Dose IVIG
4.Splenectomy 5. pRBC transfusion 6. Folic Acid supplementation 7. Plasmapheresis (b/c IgM is
confind to the intravascular space) 8. Cytotoxic agents 9. Immunosuppressive agents
(Cyclosporine) 10. Hormonal therapy (danazol)
Question:
, What are the three types of cytoxic agents that can be used for AIHA?
Answer:
1. Antimetabolites (6-mecaptupurine, azathioprine) 2. alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide) 3.
Mitotic agents (vincristine, vinblastine)
Question:
T/F Cold Antibody AIHA is most common AIHA, in whcih the autoantibodies become most active
and attack RBCs usually at temperatures well below normal. .
Answer:
False. 75% of cases are warm body
Question:
Pathophysiology of Warm Body AIHA IgG
Answer:
is the most common antibody > attaches to RBC > recognized by monocytes and macrophages in
the spleen > destroy RBC membrane> RBC changes shape and singled out for destruction
Question:
T/F 50% of cases if warm anitbody AIHA are idiopathic (primary)
Answer:
True
Question:
Prognosis of AIHA -
Answer:
Usually transient - less than 3 months - usually resolve spontaneously
Question:
Cold Antibody AIHA is most common in children when - .
Answer:
secondary to infection - IgM or IgG cold reacting antibodies that cross react with the ABO antigens
on the surface of RBCs are produced
A+
Question:
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is a group of disorders characterized by
Answer:
malfunction of the immune system where antibodies are produced against antigens on the surface
of RBSs, resulting in hemolysis
Question:
T/F RBC survival is proportional to the amount of antibody on the RBC surface; therefore the
greater the amount of antibody the more rapidly the RBC is destroyed.
Answer:
True
Question:
Intravascular Hemolysis is -
Answer:
RBC lysis in circulation - Antibodies bind to the RBC membrane therefore activating the
complement cascade - damaged membrane causes increased osmotic pressure within cell and the
cell bursts
Question:
Extravascular hemolysis is
Answer:
occurs when complement fixation to RBC fails to activate complement cascade - the complement
on the RBC surface interacts with receptors in macrophages in the lungs, liver, and spleen -> RBC
phagocytosis
Question:
Causes of AIHA (4)
Answer:
,1. Autoimmune disorders (LUPUS) 2. Infections (hepatitis, EBV, myco pneu) 3. Drugs (peni and
quinine) 4. Hematologic disorders(Evan's syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
Question:
Incidence of AIHA
Answer:
1 case per 80,000 persons
Question:
Clinical Symptoms of Severe AIHA -
Answer:
- pallor - jaundice - fatigue - tachycardia -hypoxia --> organ damage - splenomagaly
Question:
What labs should be ordered if AIHA is suspected?
Answer:
cbc d/p, retic, peripheral smear, Coombs test, bilirubin, LDH, and haptoglobin
Question:
Labs findings that suggest AIHA is possible:
Answer:
1. Coombs direct (DAT) : + which indicates antibodies against the RBC 2. Low Hemoglobin 3.
Increased Retic 4. Spherocytes, schistocytes, or erythrocyte agglutination on blood smear 5.
Increased LDH 6. Decreased haptoglobin 7. Hemoglobinuria 8. Increased Unconj bilirubin
Question:
Possible parts of the Treatment Plan of AIHA
Answer:
1. Stop medication if suspected as cause 2. Prednisone 2-4 mg/kg/day 3. High Dose IVIG
4.Splenectomy 5. pRBC transfusion 6. Folic Acid supplementation 7. Plasmapheresis (b/c IgM is
confind to the intravascular space) 8. Cytotoxic agents 9. Immunosuppressive agents
(Cyclosporine) 10. Hormonal therapy (danazol)
Question:
, What are the three types of cytoxic agents that can be used for AIHA?
Answer:
1. Antimetabolites (6-mecaptupurine, azathioprine) 2. alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide) 3.
Mitotic agents (vincristine, vinblastine)
Question:
T/F Cold Antibody AIHA is most common AIHA, in whcih the autoantibodies become most active
and attack RBCs usually at temperatures well below normal. .
Answer:
False. 75% of cases are warm body
Question:
Pathophysiology of Warm Body AIHA IgG
Answer:
is the most common antibody > attaches to RBC > recognized by monocytes and macrophages in
the spleen > destroy RBC membrane> RBC changes shape and singled out for destruction
Question:
T/F 50% of cases if warm anitbody AIHA are idiopathic (primary)
Answer:
True
Question:
Prognosis of AIHA -
Answer:
Usually transient - less than 3 months - usually resolve spontaneously
Question:
Cold Antibody AIHA is most common in children when - .
Answer:
secondary to infection - IgM or IgG cold reacting antibodies that cross react with the ABO antigens
on the surface of RBCs are produced
