NRS 325: Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Graded A+

NRS 325: Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest
Graded A+


Question:
Perfusion
Answer:
blood flow through the circulatory system for optimal cellular activity


Question:
2 attributes of perfusion
Answer:
1. Central perfusion


Question:
2. Tissue/peripheral perfusion Ischemia
Answer:
inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body


Question:
Infarction
Answer:
obstruction of circulation followed by ischemic necrosis (death of tissue)


Question:
Anoxia
Answer:
absence of oxygen


Question:
Hypoxia
Answer:

,deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the *tissues*


Question:
Hypoxemia
Answer:
deficient amount of oxygen in the *blood*


Question:
hydrostatic pressure
Answer:
Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall, membrane, or some other structure that
encloses the fluid


- pushes electrolytes, fluid, oxygen, & nutrients towards the cells in the tissues

Question:
oncotic/colloidal pressure
Answer:
pulling pressure back into venous end, generated by plasma proteins (serum albumin)


Question:
what plasma protein generates oncotic pressure?
Answer:
albumin


Question:
scope of perfusion
Answer:
excessive, optimal, impaired, no perfusion (tissue death)


Question:
What might happen if a patient has an ongoing perfusion impairment?
Answer:

,Develop chronic illness


Question:
excessive perfusion can lead to
Answer:
hypertension and damage to vessel walls


Question:
decreased perfusion can lead to
Answer:
hypoxic cell injury and cell death from lack of oxygen and glucose


Question:
central perfusion
Answer:
force of blood movement generated by cardiac output


Question:
central perfusion requires adequate....? (3)
Answer:
cardiac function, blood pressure, and blood volume


Question:
tissue/local perfusion
Answer:
Volume of blood that flows to target tissue


Question:
tissue/local perfusion requires...? (4)
Answer:
patent vessels, adequate hydrostatic pressure, oncotic/colloidal pressure, capillary permeability

, Question:
how to measure cardiac output (CO)
Answer:
heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)


Question:
average heart rate
Answer:
70 bpm


Question:
average stroke volume
Answer:
70-80 ml/beat


Question:
average cardiac output
Answer:
5000 ml/min


Question:
true or false: cardiac output varies widely with level of activity of body
Answer:
true


Question:
When there is decreased CO, blood backs up into the----------------
Answer:
lungs; (increases hydrostatic pressure, which increases fluid)


Question:
preload