HPDP Lecture 5 preventive clinical screening
Questions with Correct Answers
preventive screen
screening before symptoms with the goal of reduction of morbidity and mortality
examples of preventive screening
mammogram
colonoscopy
HIV screening
blood pressure screening
goals of preventive screening
reduce disease burden
prevent complications
reduced costs
detect early
improve survival
improve QOL
screening is in
asymptomatic patients to estimate risk/detect occult disease
diagnostic testing
used to determine a specific disease condition or possible illness via evaluation of s/s
,clinical screening
focus on individual patient in healthcare setting to detect disease and guide treatment
public health surveillances
focus on population-level monitoring
tracking disease, incidence, trends, and inform public health policy
5 principles of effective screening
detect important disease
cost-effective
acceptable sensitivity and specificity
acceptable risk vs benefit
improved outcome with early detection
Sensitivity
ability of a test to correctly detect disease when present
high Sensitivity
few false negatives
important when disease is dangerous if missed
specificity
ability of a test to correctly identify absence of disease
high specificity test have
, low false positives
important when false alarms cause harm
avoids over labeling health patients
high specificity
tradeoff with sen and spec
increasing one often decreases the other
abnormal test without disease
false positive
false negative
disease is present by test is negative
detection of disease would never have caused harm
overdiagnosis
examples of overdiagnosis
low grade prostate, small thyroid, early/DCIS breast cancers
potential harms of over dx
anxiety, unnecessary procedures, tx complications such as chemo, rad, and sx side effects
the nation's leading authority on preventive care recommendations for asymptomatic
individuals
United States Preventive Services Task Force
Questions with Correct Answers
preventive screen
screening before symptoms with the goal of reduction of morbidity and mortality
examples of preventive screening
mammogram
colonoscopy
HIV screening
blood pressure screening
goals of preventive screening
reduce disease burden
prevent complications
reduced costs
detect early
improve survival
improve QOL
screening is in
asymptomatic patients to estimate risk/detect occult disease
diagnostic testing
used to determine a specific disease condition or possible illness via evaluation of s/s
,clinical screening
focus on individual patient in healthcare setting to detect disease and guide treatment
public health surveillances
focus on population-level monitoring
tracking disease, incidence, trends, and inform public health policy
5 principles of effective screening
detect important disease
cost-effective
acceptable sensitivity and specificity
acceptable risk vs benefit
improved outcome with early detection
Sensitivity
ability of a test to correctly detect disease when present
high Sensitivity
few false negatives
important when disease is dangerous if missed
specificity
ability of a test to correctly identify absence of disease
high specificity test have
, low false positives
important when false alarms cause harm
avoids over labeling health patients
high specificity
tradeoff with sen and spec
increasing one often decreases the other
abnormal test without disease
false positive
false negative
disease is present by test is negative
detection of disease would never have caused harm
overdiagnosis
examples of overdiagnosis
low grade prostate, small thyroid, early/DCIS breast cancers
potential harms of over dx
anxiety, unnecessary procedures, tx complications such as chemo, rad, and sx side effects
the nation's leading authority on preventive care recommendations for asymptomatic
individuals
United States Preventive Services Task Force
