AP PSYCHOLOGY SEMESTER 1 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

AP PSYCHOLOGY SEMESTER 1 FINAL REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS


Empiricism - cx




ansThe view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, r
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ely on observation and experimentation.
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Structuralism - cx




ansAn early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural element
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s of the human mind.
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Functionalism - cx




ansA school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes funct
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ion—how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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Experimental Psychology - cx cx




ansThe study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
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Behaviorism - cx




ansThe view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without
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reference to mental processes. cx cx cx




Humanistic Psychology - cx cx




ansHistorically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy peo
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ple and the individual's potential for personal growth.
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Cognitive Neuroscience - cx cx




ansThe interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perceptio
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n, thinking, memory, and language).
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Psychology - ansThe science of behavior and mental processes.cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Nature-Nurture Issue - cx cx




ansThe longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experienc
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e make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
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Natural Selection - cx cx




ansThe principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to re
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production and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
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Nature-Nurture Issue - ansNurture works on what nature endows. cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Psychometrics - cx




ansThe scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
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,Basic Research - ansPure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
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Developmental Psychology - cx cx




ansThe scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
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Educational Psychology - cx cx




ansThe study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learni
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ng.

Personality Psychology - cx cx




ansThe study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
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Social Psychology - cx cx




ansThe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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Applied Research - ansScientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
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Industrial-Organizational Psychology - cx cx




ansThe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior i
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n workplaces.
cx




Hindsight Bias - cx cx




ansThe tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
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Critical Thinking - cx cx




ansThinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines
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assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
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Theory - cx




ansAn explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and pr
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edicts behaviors or events.
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Hypothesis - ansA testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
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Operational Definition - cx cx




ansA statement of the procedures used to define research variables.
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Replication - cx




ansRepeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in differe
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nt situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstanc
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es.

Case Study - cx cx




ansAn observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of reveali
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ng universal principles.
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, Survey - ansA technique for ascertaining the self-
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reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group.
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Population - ansAll the cases in a group being studied.
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Random Sample - cx cx




ansA sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chanc
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e of inclusion.
cx cx




Naturalistic Observation - cx cx




ansObserving and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to ma
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nipulate and control the situation. cx cx cx cx




Correlation - cx




ansA measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either f
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actor predicts the other.
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Correlation Coefficient - ansA statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -
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1 to 1).
cx cx




Scatterplot - cx




ansA graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.
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Illusory Correlation - ansThe perception of a relationship where none exists.
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Experiment - cx




ansA research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observ
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e the effect on some behavior or mental process.
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Random Assignment - cx cx




ansAssigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing
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preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.
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Double-Blind Procedure - cx cx




ansAn experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research st
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aff are ignorant about whether any one research participant is in the control or experimental
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group.
x




Placebo Effect - ansExperimental results caused by expectations alone.
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Experimental Group - cx cx




ansIn an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, or one version of the indep
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endent variable. cx