Pathophysiology Final NUR 2063
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5 Ps of compartment syndrome - ANSWER-pain, pulse, pallor,
paresthesia, paralysis
increased pressure within compartment-fascia- restricts blood flow,
circulation to tissue and nerves. extreme bleeding or swelling.
fasciotomy to relieve pressure
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER-infection of 1 or both kidneys. most
common ascending UTI. obstruction or urethral reflux allows
contaminated urine to enter kidney. usually involves renal tubules,
pelvis, or calices; inflammation and edema, exudate > compress renal
artery > accesses, infection, necrosis
,Manifestations: CVA tenderness with fever, chills, dysuria urgency,
frequency
n/v, anorexia
urosepsis
adaptive (acquired defenses) - ANSWER-immune system, cellular and
humoral
Addisonian crisis/adrenal crisis - ANSWER-onset of severe symptoms
usually triggered by acute infection, trauma, surgery, or sodium loss.
manifestations: profound fatigue, dehydration, vascular collapse
(decreased BP), renal shut down, decreased serum Na, increased
serum K
afterload - ANSWER-pressure the LV must overcome to move blood
into circulation
Aldosterone - ANSWER-salt water hormone
secreted in response to decreased circulating blood volume and in
response to hyperkalemia
kidneys reabsorb Na+ water; expands extracellular fluid volume,
decreased urine volume
anemia - ANSWER-acquired or inherited, impairs bloods oxygen-
carrying capacity. can result from
1) a decrease in number of circulating erythrocytes
2) a reduction in hemoglobin content
,3) presence of abnormal hemoglobin
Anemia - ANSWER-common acquired or inherited disorder of
erythrocytes that impairs the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity.
ETIOLOGY: decrease in # of circulating erythrocytes, reduction in
hemoglobin content, presence of abnormal hemoglobin
MANIFESTATIONS: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope, dyspnea,
tachycardia
anemia manifestations - ANSWER-weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope,
dyspnea, tachycardia
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER-tap water hormone=kidneys
reabsorb plain water
released from pituitary gland
secreted in response to increased osmolality of ECF, decreased circ.
blood volume, pain, nausea, stress
ETOH (alcohol) decreased ADH release-promotes diuresis
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-bone marrow fails to make enough blood
cells leading to pancytopenia
MANIFESTATIONS: general anemia, leukcytopenia, and recurrent
infections
can be caused by cancers, cancer treatment, pesticides
assessment of brain function - ANSWER-SLUMS test
mental status test
, asthma etiology - ANSWER-allergies/allergens, smoke, cold exposure,
pollution, epinephrine, cortisol and histamine, exercise induced,
occupational asthma, drug induced (frequently aspirin)
chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway
obstruction.
asthma treatments - ANSWER-inhaled and systemic corticosteroids,
bronchodilators, beta agonists, nebs, leukotriene mediators, mast cell
stabilizers, anticholinergics
Asthma treatment plan
atherosclerosis - ANSWER-chronic inflammatory disease characterized
by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall
plaques composed of lipids, calcium, and other substances (cellular
waste products and fibrin) develop on the vessel wall and harden over
time.
development of these lesions causes platelet aggregation (collection),
thrombosis, vasoconstriction, and vessel obstruction.
ineffective tissue perfusion, ischemia, infarction
can lead to PVD, CAD, renal disease, and stroke
can cause hypertension
atherosclerosis treatment - ANSWER-lowering risk factors-healthy
lifestyle lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes, preventing
complications
angioplasty to open occluded arteries,
Final Exam Merged With Correct
Complete Solutions || Already
Graded A+ || 2026-2027 Latest
Update!!!
5 Ps of compartment syndrome - ANSWER-pain, pulse, pallor,
paresthesia, paralysis
increased pressure within compartment-fascia- restricts blood flow,
circulation to tissue and nerves. extreme bleeding or swelling.
fasciotomy to relieve pressure
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER-infection of 1 or both kidneys. most
common ascending UTI. obstruction or urethral reflux allows
contaminated urine to enter kidney. usually involves renal tubules,
pelvis, or calices; inflammation and edema, exudate > compress renal
artery > accesses, infection, necrosis
,Manifestations: CVA tenderness with fever, chills, dysuria urgency,
frequency
n/v, anorexia
urosepsis
adaptive (acquired defenses) - ANSWER-immune system, cellular and
humoral
Addisonian crisis/adrenal crisis - ANSWER-onset of severe symptoms
usually triggered by acute infection, trauma, surgery, or sodium loss.
manifestations: profound fatigue, dehydration, vascular collapse
(decreased BP), renal shut down, decreased serum Na, increased
serum K
afterload - ANSWER-pressure the LV must overcome to move blood
into circulation
Aldosterone - ANSWER-salt water hormone
secreted in response to decreased circulating blood volume and in
response to hyperkalemia
kidneys reabsorb Na+ water; expands extracellular fluid volume,
decreased urine volume
anemia - ANSWER-acquired or inherited, impairs bloods oxygen-
carrying capacity. can result from
1) a decrease in number of circulating erythrocytes
2) a reduction in hemoglobin content
,3) presence of abnormal hemoglobin
Anemia - ANSWER-common acquired or inherited disorder of
erythrocytes that impairs the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity.
ETIOLOGY: decrease in # of circulating erythrocytes, reduction in
hemoglobin content, presence of abnormal hemoglobin
MANIFESTATIONS: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope, dyspnea,
tachycardia
anemia manifestations - ANSWER-weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope,
dyspnea, tachycardia
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER-tap water hormone=kidneys
reabsorb plain water
released from pituitary gland
secreted in response to increased osmolality of ECF, decreased circ.
blood volume, pain, nausea, stress
ETOH (alcohol) decreased ADH release-promotes diuresis
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-bone marrow fails to make enough blood
cells leading to pancytopenia
MANIFESTATIONS: general anemia, leukcytopenia, and recurrent
infections
can be caused by cancers, cancer treatment, pesticides
assessment of brain function - ANSWER-SLUMS test
mental status test
, asthma etiology - ANSWER-allergies/allergens, smoke, cold exposure,
pollution, epinephrine, cortisol and histamine, exercise induced,
occupational asthma, drug induced (frequently aspirin)
chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway
obstruction.
asthma treatments - ANSWER-inhaled and systemic corticosteroids,
bronchodilators, beta agonists, nebs, leukotriene mediators, mast cell
stabilizers, anticholinergics
Asthma treatment plan
atherosclerosis - ANSWER-chronic inflammatory disease characterized
by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall
plaques composed of lipids, calcium, and other substances (cellular
waste products and fibrin) develop on the vessel wall and harden over
time.
development of these lesions causes platelet aggregation (collection),
thrombosis, vasoconstriction, and vessel obstruction.
ineffective tissue perfusion, ischemia, infarction
can lead to PVD, CAD, renal disease, and stroke
can cause hypertension
atherosclerosis treatment - ANSWER-lowering risk factors-healthy
lifestyle lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes, preventing
complications
angioplasty to open occluded arteries,
