LLCU 213 FINAL TEST STUDY GUIDE
Cyberspace - Answers - William Gibson created in his book Neuromancer
- describes a virtual cognitive space in which thinking and acting unfold in tandem with
real-world thinking and behaviour
Manuel Castells - Answers - the digital tech revolution has resulted in a tension between
the adoption of global cultural trends and the need to preserve local cultures
Antwerp Case - Answers - shows that criminal gangs have the ability to globalize crime,
recruit resources internationally, and use sophisticated methods of planning and
conducting activity
Organized Crime VS Cybercrime - Answers - - main difference is that organized crime
conducts its physical activities and operations in the real world rather than in
cyberspace alone by using cyberspace as a planning and organizational platform
- cybercrimes are carried out by individuals
Organized Cybercrime - Answers - small groups of hackers who connect to perpetuate
crimes involving fraud and identity theft and then disappear
- lack structured organization but have computer skills
Cybercriminals VS Traditional OC's - Answers - cybercriminals are hit and run groups
traditional organized crime groups are hit and stay
Consequences of Globalized Organized Crime - Answers - - undermines governments
and social stability in countries
- online criminality is difficult to prosecute as several countries can be involved in a
single operation
- transnational OC has grown so large that it can't be combated in individual countries
as it crosses geographical borders and must be fought on multinational fronts
The Dark Net - Answers - domains of the internet not accessible through normal search
engines and needs specialized software to access
Darknet and OC's - Answers - 1) adaptability
- adapt to changes and grow along with social and technological changes while also
affecting it directly
, 2) real world savvy
- criminals understand human emotions and weaknesses so they can control others
through fear tactics
3) evolving strategies of syndication
- syndication has expanded to cyberspace via transnational crime syndicates
Why can't we shut the dark web down? - Answers - - FBI would need compliance of
every country who are unwilling to cooperate with Western police agencies
- criminals can just migrate to other sites or create new ones
- dark net has gone mainstream and has legitimate reasons for use
Triads: Example of Globalizing Criminal Activities - Answers - involved in armed
robberies, kidnapping, and piracy in china
- now added extortion, human trafficking, drug trafficking, gambling, and prostitution and
often connect with other criminal groups through the internet
Supply VS Demand Corruption - Answers - Supply: the act of offering an illicit payment
or undue advantage
Demand: the acceptance or solicitation of such payment or advantage
Petty VS Grand - Answers - Petty: involvement of public administration officials and non
elected officials
- ex. bribes, customs personnel
Grand Corruption: higher ranking of government officials and elected officials
Antwerp, Belgium - Answers - drug traffickers recruited hackers to breach IT systems
that controlled the movement and location of port containers
3 Features of Cybercrime - Answers - - act was committed using a computer, a victim
computer, and an intermediary network
High-technology crime - Answers - any criminal act involving the use of high-technology
devices (computers, phones, creditcard machines)
Types of Identity Theft - Answers - 1) Identity thief assumes the life of the victim
2) Virtual identity theft
- steals another users screen name to harass people or spam others
3) Credit identity is stolen
- social security
- most common
Cyberspace - Answers - William Gibson created in his book Neuromancer
- describes a virtual cognitive space in which thinking and acting unfold in tandem with
real-world thinking and behaviour
Manuel Castells - Answers - the digital tech revolution has resulted in a tension between
the adoption of global cultural trends and the need to preserve local cultures
Antwerp Case - Answers - shows that criminal gangs have the ability to globalize crime,
recruit resources internationally, and use sophisticated methods of planning and
conducting activity
Organized Crime VS Cybercrime - Answers - - main difference is that organized crime
conducts its physical activities and operations in the real world rather than in
cyberspace alone by using cyberspace as a planning and organizational platform
- cybercrimes are carried out by individuals
Organized Cybercrime - Answers - small groups of hackers who connect to perpetuate
crimes involving fraud and identity theft and then disappear
- lack structured organization but have computer skills
Cybercriminals VS Traditional OC's - Answers - cybercriminals are hit and run groups
traditional organized crime groups are hit and stay
Consequences of Globalized Organized Crime - Answers - - undermines governments
and social stability in countries
- online criminality is difficult to prosecute as several countries can be involved in a
single operation
- transnational OC has grown so large that it can't be combated in individual countries
as it crosses geographical borders and must be fought on multinational fronts
The Dark Net - Answers - domains of the internet not accessible through normal search
engines and needs specialized software to access
Darknet and OC's - Answers - 1) adaptability
- adapt to changes and grow along with social and technological changes while also
affecting it directly
, 2) real world savvy
- criminals understand human emotions and weaknesses so they can control others
through fear tactics
3) evolving strategies of syndication
- syndication has expanded to cyberspace via transnational crime syndicates
Why can't we shut the dark web down? - Answers - - FBI would need compliance of
every country who are unwilling to cooperate with Western police agencies
- criminals can just migrate to other sites or create new ones
- dark net has gone mainstream and has legitimate reasons for use
Triads: Example of Globalizing Criminal Activities - Answers - involved in armed
robberies, kidnapping, and piracy in china
- now added extortion, human trafficking, drug trafficking, gambling, and prostitution and
often connect with other criminal groups through the internet
Supply VS Demand Corruption - Answers - Supply: the act of offering an illicit payment
or undue advantage
Demand: the acceptance or solicitation of such payment or advantage
Petty VS Grand - Answers - Petty: involvement of public administration officials and non
elected officials
- ex. bribes, customs personnel
Grand Corruption: higher ranking of government officials and elected officials
Antwerp, Belgium - Answers - drug traffickers recruited hackers to breach IT systems
that controlled the movement and location of port containers
3 Features of Cybercrime - Answers - - act was committed using a computer, a victim
computer, and an intermediary network
High-technology crime - Answers - any criminal act involving the use of high-technology
devices (computers, phones, creditcard machines)
Types of Identity Theft - Answers - 1) Identity thief assumes the life of the victim
2) Virtual identity theft
- steals another users screen name to harass people or spam others
3) Credit identity is stolen
- social security
- most common
