Microbial Genetics: DNA, Gene Expression, Mutations, and Recombination Questions and Correct Answers

Microbial Genetics: DNA, Gene Expression,
Mutations, and Recombination Questions and
Correct Answers
Genetics

Science of heredity or the study of genes/genetic material

Genome

Genetic information in a cell

a cell's genome includes

chromosomes and plasmids (plasmids mostly in bacteria, sometimes archaea and eukaryotic)

Chromosomes

structures containing DNA that physically carry genetic material/genes

Plasmids

circular DNA, separate from chromosomes

Genes

segments of DNA

Genotype

information that codes for all the DNA

Phenotype

expressed properties of a genotype

, Genetic Code

set of rules that determines how a nucleotide is converted into the amino acid sequence of a

protein

Short tandem repeats

non-coding regions of DNA

Open reading frame

regions of DNA likely to encode a protein

Central Dogma

DNA (replication) --> (transcription) RNA --> (translation) Protein

central dogma

Flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins is a theory called the central dogma



Crick in 1956 coined the term

Crick

proposed that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a

protein

Bacteria

have a singular circular chromosome

Eukaryotic organisms