NCS PREP – MEDBRIDGE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
List stages of change - Correct Answers -1. Precontemplation: no intention to change in
next 6 months
2. Contemplation: intend to take action in next 6 months
3. Preparation: intends to take action in next 30 days and has taken some behavioral
steps in this direction
4. Action: has changed overt behavior for less than 6 months
5. Maintenance: has changed overt behavior for more than 6 months
6. Termination: no longer succumb to temptation and has self-efficacy
CN I Olfactory - Correct Answers --sensory, smell
-telencephalon
CN II Optic - Correct Answers --sensory, vision
-diencephalon
-visual fields, color vision, visual acuity
CN III Oculomotor - Correct Answers --somatic and visceral motor
-midbrain
-constricts pupil, up/down and medial eyelid and eyeball movement
CN IV Trochlear - Correct Answers --Somatic
-midbrain
-move eye down and out
CN V Trigeminal - Correct Answers --Opthalmic (sensory), pons
-maxillary (sensory), midbrain
-mandibular (mixed), pons
Leading cause of brain injury - Correct Answers -Falls (35%)
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) - Correct Answers --shear injury caused by rapid
acceleration/deceleration/rotation
-microscopic diffuse injury to axons
-cortical parasagittal white matter, brain stem and cerebellar peduncles
-frequent cause of vegetative state and morbidity
Pathological grades of DAI - Correct Answers -I: microscopic axonal injury only
II: I + corpus callosum lesion
, III: II + brainstem lesion
Secondary Injury of TBI - Correct Answers --Increased ICP, decreased CPP
-new bleeding, infection, seizure activity
-metabolic cascade (triggered by ischemia or hypoxia)
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Correct Answers --pressure inside cranium
-lower than 20 mmHg
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - Correct Answers -the blood pressure gradient
across the brain.
-about 60 mmHg
-CPP=MAP-ICP
MAP equation - Correct Answers -1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
Complications of TBI - Correct Answers --HO
-Seizure risk (80%)
-infection
-hydrocephalus
Coup-Contracoup Injuries - Correct Answers -Damage to impact site and opposite side
of brain as well
Primary TBI Injuries - Correct Answers --skull fracture
-contusion
-hematoma
-laceration
-DAI
-accompanying anoxia or ischemia
Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia - Correct Answers -A syndrome of
intermittent agitation, diaphoresis, hypothermia, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea,
and extensor posturing; a risk factor for increased morbidity after brain injury.
-can occur weeks after injury
-increase in sympathetic nervous system activity
Glascow Coma Scale - mild - Correct Answers -13-15
Glascow Coma Scale - moderate - Correct Answers -8-13
Glascow Coma Scale - severe - Correct Answers -8 or higher
Ranchos Los Amigos - Level I - Correct Answers -No response, unresponsive to stimuli
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
List stages of change - Correct Answers -1. Precontemplation: no intention to change in
next 6 months
2. Contemplation: intend to take action in next 6 months
3. Preparation: intends to take action in next 30 days and has taken some behavioral
steps in this direction
4. Action: has changed overt behavior for less than 6 months
5. Maintenance: has changed overt behavior for more than 6 months
6. Termination: no longer succumb to temptation and has self-efficacy
CN I Olfactory - Correct Answers --sensory, smell
-telencephalon
CN II Optic - Correct Answers --sensory, vision
-diencephalon
-visual fields, color vision, visual acuity
CN III Oculomotor - Correct Answers --somatic and visceral motor
-midbrain
-constricts pupil, up/down and medial eyelid and eyeball movement
CN IV Trochlear - Correct Answers --Somatic
-midbrain
-move eye down and out
CN V Trigeminal - Correct Answers --Opthalmic (sensory), pons
-maxillary (sensory), midbrain
-mandibular (mixed), pons
Leading cause of brain injury - Correct Answers -Falls (35%)
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) - Correct Answers --shear injury caused by rapid
acceleration/deceleration/rotation
-microscopic diffuse injury to axons
-cortical parasagittal white matter, brain stem and cerebellar peduncles
-frequent cause of vegetative state and morbidity
Pathological grades of DAI - Correct Answers -I: microscopic axonal injury only
II: I + corpus callosum lesion
, III: II + brainstem lesion
Secondary Injury of TBI - Correct Answers --Increased ICP, decreased CPP
-new bleeding, infection, seizure activity
-metabolic cascade (triggered by ischemia or hypoxia)
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Correct Answers --pressure inside cranium
-lower than 20 mmHg
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - Correct Answers -the blood pressure gradient
across the brain.
-about 60 mmHg
-CPP=MAP-ICP
MAP equation - Correct Answers -1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
Complications of TBI - Correct Answers --HO
-Seizure risk (80%)
-infection
-hydrocephalus
Coup-Contracoup Injuries - Correct Answers -Damage to impact site and opposite side
of brain as well
Primary TBI Injuries - Correct Answers --skull fracture
-contusion
-hematoma
-laceration
-DAI
-accompanying anoxia or ischemia
Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia - Correct Answers -A syndrome of
intermittent agitation, diaphoresis, hypothermia, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea,
and extensor posturing; a risk factor for increased morbidity after brain injury.
-can occur weeks after injury
-increase in sympathetic nervous system activity
Glascow Coma Scale - mild - Correct Answers -13-15
Glascow Coma Scale - moderate - Correct Answers -8-13
Glascow Coma Scale - severe - Correct Answers -8 or higher
Ranchos Los Amigos - Level I - Correct Answers -No response, unresponsive to stimuli
