INP EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is included in effective infection control? - Answers - 1. Consistent use of
standard/universal precautions with all PT
2. Recognition of infections requiring additional transmission-based precautions
3. Notifying/instructing staff, volunteers, visitors, and other residents of precautions
4. Timely reporting to public health
What is included with the routine practices of infection control? (3) - Answers - 1. Risk
management
2. Risk reduction
3. Education
What is included in the risk management portion of routine practices of infection
control? - Answers - Risk assessments:
1. Admission: ARO questionnaire, TB, Travel hx, new or worsening cough, fever, any
undx rash, sudden onset of diarrhea...
2. Ongoing: Immune system intact (blood work - what are the WBC doing), any tubes or
lines, open areas, fever (new, old, spiked)
What is included in the risk reduction portion of routine practices of infection control? -
Answers - Aimed at assisting the HCP to minimize their exposure to and contamination
with microorganisms
- Hand washing
- PPE
- Immunizations
- Uniforms
- Patient placement
- Disposable of sharps and safe handling...
What is part of the education portion of routine practice of infection control? - Answers -
Chain of infection
Causative ages
Types of transmissions
Asepsis
What are the different types of precautions? - Answers - 1. Contact precautions
2. Airborne precautions
3. Contact Plus precautions (enhanced transmission-based precautions)
4. Droplet precautions
5. Droplet and contact precautions
6. Airborne and contact precautions
What is included with isolation requirements? - Answers - Clients are room-bound
(anticipate loneliness)
,Specific procedure for PPE are followed
Supplies are stored outside the room/curtain
- Whatever is in the room/curtain - is considered to be contaminated
What are the different types of isolation used in acute care? - Answers - 1. Reverse
isolation
2. Droplet
3. Contact
4. Airborne
What does Antibiotic resistant organisms (ARO) mean? - Answers - An organisms that
has become resistant to ABX to which it is normally considered susceptible
- Due to overuse and inappropriate use of ABX our bodies built resistance to it
What is MRSA? - Answers - methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- Bacteria that can be resistant to methicillin
What are the clinical manifestations of MRSA? - Answers - Pimple and boils on the skin,
full of pus/drainage
Often accompanied by a fever
How is MRSA transmitted? - Answers - Direct and indirect contact
How is MRSA treated? - Answers - ABX other than methicillin:
- Vancomycin
- Bactrim
- Clindamycin
Draining the wounds and surgically removing the infected tissue
What type of precautions are taken for MRSA? - Answers - Contact precautions
Hand hygiene
Cover cuts and scrapes
Do not share personal items
What is VRE? - Answers - vancomycin resistant enterococcus
Bacteria commonly found in the GI tract, vagina, mouth, perineal area and upper resp
tract of 95% of healthy people resistant to many ABX
How is VRE transmitted? - Answers - Direct contact
Through hand contact
Contaminated surfaces/equipment
How is VRE treated? - Answers - New vancomycin-like compounds (although resistant
organisms have already surfaced)
, What are the different types of precautions used for VRE? - Answers - Contact
precautions
- Single room
- Proper hand hygiene
- Wiping down devices (If used between PTs)
What is ESBL (extended spectrum Beta Lactamase)? - Answers - Enzyme produced by
bacteria that makes them resistant to some ABX such and penicillin and cephalosporin
How is ESBL transmitted? - Answers - Found in bowels - spread by indirect or direct
contact
How is ESBL Treated? - Answers - Medications (specific ABX that are not resistant
based pn the C/S of the bacteria
- Broad spectrum
What are the precautions used for ESBL? - Answers - Contact precautions until ABX
are completed
Hand hygiene
Not sharing personal items
Routine Cleaning
What is C-Diff? - Answers - A bacteria that causes infection of the colon.
- Illness often occurs after using ABX - mostly affects older adults
- Can cause asymptomatic symptoms
How is C-diff transmitted? - Answers - Oral fecal route (spore/shed)
Hands of Health care worker who have come into contact with contaminated feces or
environmental surfaces
How is C-diff treated? - Answers - Discontinue ABX - if necessary, substitute another
ABX
- Fluids when appropriate to px dehydration
What precautions are used C-diff treated? - Answers - Needs to wash hands with soap
and water (hand sanitizer doesn't work to kill off the spores)
- Contact and droplet
What are the S/S of C-diff? - Answers - watery diarrhea
Stool that contains mucus and blood
Fever
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Abdominal pain
What is included in effective infection control? - Answers - 1. Consistent use of
standard/universal precautions with all PT
2. Recognition of infections requiring additional transmission-based precautions
3. Notifying/instructing staff, volunteers, visitors, and other residents of precautions
4. Timely reporting to public health
What is included with the routine practices of infection control? (3) - Answers - 1. Risk
management
2. Risk reduction
3. Education
What is included in the risk management portion of routine practices of infection
control? - Answers - Risk assessments:
1. Admission: ARO questionnaire, TB, Travel hx, new or worsening cough, fever, any
undx rash, sudden onset of diarrhea...
2. Ongoing: Immune system intact (blood work - what are the WBC doing), any tubes or
lines, open areas, fever (new, old, spiked)
What is included in the risk reduction portion of routine practices of infection control? -
Answers - Aimed at assisting the HCP to minimize their exposure to and contamination
with microorganisms
- Hand washing
- PPE
- Immunizations
- Uniforms
- Patient placement
- Disposable of sharps and safe handling...
What is part of the education portion of routine practice of infection control? - Answers -
Chain of infection
Causative ages
Types of transmissions
Asepsis
What are the different types of precautions? - Answers - 1. Contact precautions
2. Airborne precautions
3. Contact Plus precautions (enhanced transmission-based precautions)
4. Droplet precautions
5. Droplet and contact precautions
6. Airborne and contact precautions
What is included with isolation requirements? - Answers - Clients are room-bound
(anticipate loneliness)
,Specific procedure for PPE are followed
Supplies are stored outside the room/curtain
- Whatever is in the room/curtain - is considered to be contaminated
What are the different types of isolation used in acute care? - Answers - 1. Reverse
isolation
2. Droplet
3. Contact
4. Airborne
What does Antibiotic resistant organisms (ARO) mean? - Answers - An organisms that
has become resistant to ABX to which it is normally considered susceptible
- Due to overuse and inappropriate use of ABX our bodies built resistance to it
What is MRSA? - Answers - methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- Bacteria that can be resistant to methicillin
What are the clinical manifestations of MRSA? - Answers - Pimple and boils on the skin,
full of pus/drainage
Often accompanied by a fever
How is MRSA transmitted? - Answers - Direct and indirect contact
How is MRSA treated? - Answers - ABX other than methicillin:
- Vancomycin
- Bactrim
- Clindamycin
Draining the wounds and surgically removing the infected tissue
What type of precautions are taken for MRSA? - Answers - Contact precautions
Hand hygiene
Cover cuts and scrapes
Do not share personal items
What is VRE? - Answers - vancomycin resistant enterococcus
Bacteria commonly found in the GI tract, vagina, mouth, perineal area and upper resp
tract of 95% of healthy people resistant to many ABX
How is VRE transmitted? - Answers - Direct contact
Through hand contact
Contaminated surfaces/equipment
How is VRE treated? - Answers - New vancomycin-like compounds (although resistant
organisms have already surfaced)
, What are the different types of precautions used for VRE? - Answers - Contact
precautions
- Single room
- Proper hand hygiene
- Wiping down devices (If used between PTs)
What is ESBL (extended spectrum Beta Lactamase)? - Answers - Enzyme produced by
bacteria that makes them resistant to some ABX such and penicillin and cephalosporin
How is ESBL transmitted? - Answers - Found in bowels - spread by indirect or direct
contact
How is ESBL Treated? - Answers - Medications (specific ABX that are not resistant
based pn the C/S of the bacteria
- Broad spectrum
What are the precautions used for ESBL? - Answers - Contact precautions until ABX
are completed
Hand hygiene
Not sharing personal items
Routine Cleaning
What is C-Diff? - Answers - A bacteria that causes infection of the colon.
- Illness often occurs after using ABX - mostly affects older adults
- Can cause asymptomatic symptoms
How is C-diff transmitted? - Answers - Oral fecal route (spore/shed)
Hands of Health care worker who have come into contact with contaminated feces or
environmental surfaces
How is C-diff treated? - Answers - Discontinue ABX - if necessary, substitute another
ABX
- Fluids when appropriate to px dehydration
What precautions are used C-diff treated? - Answers - Needs to wash hands with soap
and water (hand sanitizer doesn't work to kill off the spores)
- Contact and droplet
What are the S/S of C-diff? - Answers - watery diarrhea
Stool that contains mucus and blood
Fever
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Abdominal pain
