Psychology ]101 ]Final ]Exam Questions ]and ]Correct ]Answers

Psychology 101 Final Exam ] ] ]




Questions and Correct Answers
]
] ] ]



Variables ]- ]correct ]answer: ]the ]events, ]characteristics, ]behaviors, ]or ]conditions ]that ]researchers ]
measure ]and ]study.



subject ]or ]participant ]- ]correct ]answer: ]an ]individual ]person ]or ]animal ]a ]researcher ]studies.



Sample ]- ]correct ]answer: ]a ]collection ]of ]subjects ]researchers ]study. ]Researchers ]use ]samples ]bec
ause ]they ]cannot ]study ]the ]entire ]population.



Population ]- ]correct ]answer: ]the ]collection ]of ]people ]or ]animals ]from ]which ]researchers ]draw ]a ]
sample. ]Researchers ]study ]the ]sample ]and ]generalize ]their ]results ]to ]the ]population.



The ]Purpose ]of ]Research ]- ]correct ]answer: ]-To ]find ]ways ]to ]measure ]and ]describe ]behavior

-To ]understand ]why, ]when, ]and ]how ]events ]occur

-To ]apply ]this ]knowledge ]to ]solving ]real-world ]problems



The ]scientific ]method ]- ]correct ]answer: ]a ]standardized ]way ]of ]making ]observations, ]gathering ]da
ta, ]forming ]theories, ]testing ]predictions, ]and ]interpreting ]results.



A ]theory ]- ]correct ]answer: ]an ]explanation ]that ]organizes ]separate ]pieces ]of ]information ]in ]a ]coh
erent ]way.



replicable ]- ]correct ]answer: ]when ]others ]can ]repeat ]an ]experiment ]and ]get ]the ]same ]results.



hypothesis ]- ]correct ]answer: ]a ]testable ]prediction ]of ]what ]will ]happen ]given ]a ]certain ]set ]of ]con
ditions.

, naturalistic ]observation ]- ]correct ]answer: ]researchers ]collect ]information ]about ]subjects ]by ]obse
rving ]them ]unobtrusively, ]without ]interfering ]with ]them ]in ]any ]way.



case ]study ]- ]correct ]answer: ]The ]researcher ]collects ]data ]about ]the ]subject ]through ]interviews, ]
direct ]observation, ]psychological ]testing, ]or ]examination ]of ]documents ]and ]records ]about ]the ]su
bject.



survey ]- ]correct ]answer: ]a ]way ]of ]getting ]information ]about ]a ]specific ]type ]of ]behavior, ]experien
ce, ]or ]event. ]When ]using ]this ]method, ]researchers ]give ]people ]questionnaires ]or ]interview ]them
]to ]obtain ]information.




experiment ]- ]correct ]answer: ]a ]researcher ]manipulates ]or ]changes ]a ]particular ]variable ]under ]co
ntrolled ]conditions ]while ]observing ]resulting ]changes ]in ]another ]variable ]or ]variables.



Occam's ]razor ]- ]correct ]answer: ]maintains ]that ]researchers ]should ]apply ]the ]simplest ]explanatio
n ]possible ]to ]any ]set ]of ]observations.



correlation ]- ]correct ]answer: ]measurement ]of ]the ]strength ]of ]the ]relationship ]between ]two ]vari
ables



reliability ]- ]correct ]answer: ]if ]a ]test ]produces ]the ]same ]result ]when ]researchers ]administer ]it ]to ]t
he ]same ]group ]of ]people ]at ]different ]times, ]it ]has ]reliability.



Validity ]- ]correct ]answer: ]A ]test ]is ]valid ]if ]it ]actually ]measures ]the ]quality ]it ]claims ]to ]measure.



Bias ]- ]correct ]answer: ]the ]distortion ]of ]results ]by ]a ]variable. ]Common ]types ]of ]bias ]include ]samp
ling ]bias, ]subject ]bias, ]and ]experimenter ]bias.



Sensation ]- ]correct ]answer: ]the ]process ]by ]which ]physical ]energy ]from ]objects ]in ]the ]world ]or ]in ]
the ]body ]stimulates ]the ]sense ]organs