THE NR 566 MIDTERM EXAM/NR566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR
CARE
OF THE FAMILY MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
2025 – 2026
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? - DETAILED ANSWER-Macrolides:
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy - DETAILED ANSWER-Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a
quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic
class - DETAILED ANSWER-"floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? - DETAILED ANSWER-Erythromycin 12.5
mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? - DETAILED ANSWER--before cultures result
-critically ill patient
,-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics - DETAILED ANSWER--active against only a few species of
microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
Empiric antibiotics - What are they? - DETAILED ANSWER-Broad spectrum antibiotics -
Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
When to prescribed empiric antibiotics - DETAILED ANSWER--patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? - DETAILED ANSWER-Stop prior antibiotic and start
Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff -
DETAILED ANSWER--Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
, -Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction - DETAILED ANSWER-Cephalosporins
Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients - DETAILED ANSWER-Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
Cephalosporins - Patient Education - DETAILED ANSWER--Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics,
and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients - DETAILED ANSWER-Safe to prescribe
Tetracyclines - patient education - DETAILED ANSWER--Do NOT administer w/ calcium
supplements, milk products, Iron supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives), most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens - DETAILED ANSWER--S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
CARE
OF THE FAMILY MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
2025 – 2026
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? - DETAILED ANSWER-Macrolides:
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy - DETAILED ANSWER-Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a
quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic
class - DETAILED ANSWER-"floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? - DETAILED ANSWER-Erythromycin 12.5
mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? - DETAILED ANSWER--before cultures result
-critically ill patient
,-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics - DETAILED ANSWER--active against only a few species of
microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
Empiric antibiotics - What are they? - DETAILED ANSWER-Broad spectrum antibiotics -
Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
When to prescribed empiric antibiotics - DETAILED ANSWER--patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? - DETAILED ANSWER-Stop prior antibiotic and start
Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff -
DETAILED ANSWER--Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
, -Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction - DETAILED ANSWER-Cephalosporins
Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients - DETAILED ANSWER-Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
Cephalosporins - Patient Education - DETAILED ANSWER--Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics,
and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients - DETAILED ANSWER-Safe to prescribe
Tetracyclines - patient education - DETAILED ANSWER--Do NOT administer w/ calcium
supplements, milk products, Iron supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives), most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens - DETAILED ANSWER--S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
