NR 565 - ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM – CHAMBERLAIN
ACTUAL EXAM PREPARATION NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS) |BRAND NEW VERSION!
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential
long term consequences? - DETAILED ANSWER-1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid
growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - DETAILED ANSWER-Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - DETAILED ANSWER-liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drugdrug
interactions
CYP450 inducers - DETAILED ANSWER-Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster),
drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - DETAILED ANSWER-"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - DETAILED ANSWER-Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine,
rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - DETAILED ANSWER-inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of
medications
,CYP450 pneumonic - DETAILED ANSWER-"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on
designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names - DETAILED ANSWER-Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic
properties of drugs? - DETAILED ANSWER-increase glomerular filtration rate leads to
increase durg excretion increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - DETAILED ANSWER-Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some
anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? - DETAILED
ANSWERslow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? - DETAILED
ANSWERdelayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? - DETAILED
ANSWERglucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from
acute overdose)
,what should be included in medication administration patient education? - DETAILED
ANSWERdosage size and timing route and technique of administration duration of treatment drug
storage nature and time course of desired responses nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? -
DETAILED ANSWER-reduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more
medications daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that have
a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse
drug reaction? - DETAILED ANSWER-obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-
the-counter medications considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to
age monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels using the simplest regimen
possible monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness periodically reviewing the
need for continued drug therapy encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? - DETAILED
ANSWERsimplifying drug regimens providing clear and concise verbal and written
instructions using an appropriate dosage form clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-
, open containers developing daily reminders monitoring frequently affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? - DETAILED ANSWER-Need nitrate free
interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? - DETAILED ANSWER-Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect Tolerance
patho age bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? - DETAILED ANSWER-yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? - DETAILED ANSWER-
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic
information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? - DETAILED ANSWER-
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight,
whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications
independently and without limitations.
Who regulates prescriptive authority? - DETAILED ANSWER-the jurisdiction of a health
professional board. This may be the State Board of Nursing, the State Board of Medicine, or the
State Board of Pharmacy, as determined by each state.
ACTUAL EXAM PREPARATION NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS) |BRAND NEW VERSION!
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with potential
long term consequences? - DETAILED ANSWER-1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid
growth)
What is BEERS criteria? - DETAILED ANSWER-Recommendations of medications
inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450) - DETAILED ANSWER-liver enzyme system where
medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors and create drugdrug
interactions
CYP450 inducers - DETAILED ANSWER-Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster),
drug has lesser effect (decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic - DETAILED ANSWER-"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
CYP450 inducer drug names - DETAILED ANSWER-Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine,
rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors - DETAILED ANSWER-inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of
medications
,CYP450 pneumonic - DETAILED ANSWER-"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on
designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names - DETAILED ANSWER-Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides,
amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic
properties of drugs? - DETAILED ANSWER-increase glomerular filtration rate leads to
increase durg excretion increase hepatic metabolism decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic - DETAILED ANSWER-Antiepileptic drugs,
antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some
anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates? - DETAILED
ANSWERslow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy? - DETAILED
ANSWERdelayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient? - DETAILED
ANSWERglucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and
kernicterus with sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from
acute overdose)
,what should be included in medication administration patient education? - DETAILED
ANSWERdosage size and timing route and technique of administration duration of treatment drug
storage nature and time course of desired responses nature and time course of adverse responses
finish taking antibiotic
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions? -
DETAILED ANSWER-reduced renal function polypharmacy (the use of five or more
medications daily) greater severity of illness presence of comorbidities use of drugs that have
a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin) increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy poor patient adherence
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse
drug reaction? - DETAILED ANSWER-obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-
the-counter medications considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to
age monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels using the simplest regimen
possible monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness periodically reviewing the
need for continued drug therapy encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients? - DETAILED
ANSWERsimplifying drug regimens providing clear and concise verbal and written
instructions using an appropriate dosage form clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-
, open containers developing daily reminders monitoring frequently affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM? - DETAILED ANSWER-Need nitrate free
interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication? - DETAILED ANSWER-Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect Tolerance
patho age bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing? - DETAILED ANSWER-yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act? - DETAILED ANSWER-
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic
information
Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority? - DETAILED ANSWER-
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician oversight,
whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications
independently and without limitations.
Who regulates prescriptive authority? - DETAILED ANSWER-the jurisdiction of a health
professional board. This may be the State Board of Nursing, the State Board of Medicine, or the
State Board of Pharmacy, as determined by each state.
