7/2/26, 8:52 AM BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC - SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ (updat…
BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC -
SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100%
Correct Answers graded A+ (updated 2026)
Guaranteed Success!!
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Terms in this set (180)
Homeostasis The body's ability to maintain internal stability, even
in the face of external change
Components of a homeostatic - Control center: usually found in the hypothalamus
mechanism of the brain, contains the "set point" for the
variable, receives info from the receptors and
sends instructions to effectors
- Receptors: detect or sense the variable and send
that info to the control center
- Effectors: receive instructions from the control
center and carry them out to get the variable back
to normal
Examples of homeostatic - The maintenance of body temperature
mechanisms - Blood glucose levels
- Blood sodium levels
- Blood pressure
Negative feedback - When a change in the variable occurs, the body
responds by causing a change in the opposite
direction
- The main way that homeostatic mechanisms work
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Positive feedback - When a change in the variable occurs, the body
responds by causing more of a change in the same
direction
- Rarely used in the body
- Examples: blood clotting, oxytocin release during
child birth, and milk release
Structure of the plasma membrane - Semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer
- Regulates passage of substances into and out of
the cell
- Principal components: lipids, proteins,
carbohydrates
Phospholipids in the plasma - Hydrophilic head
membrane - Hydrophobic tail
- Arranged in a double layer (bilayer) with the
heads surrounded by fluid and the tails kept from
the water
Cholesterol in the cell membrane - Hydrophobic so found in the tail
- Maintains the consistency of the cell membrane
- Strengthens it by preventing smell molecules
from crossing
- Keeps the phospholipid tails from coming into
contact and solidifying it to ensure the
hydrophobic tail stays fluid and flexible
Proteins in the cell membrane - Function as enzymes to speed up chemical
reactions
- Act as receptors for specific molecules or
transport materials across the cell membrane
- Integral proteins are located within the lipid
bilater
- Peripheral proteins are located outside the lipid
bilayer
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Carbohydrates in the cell membrane - Sometime attached to proteins or lipids on the
outside of the cell membrane
- Form the glycocalyx which provides cushioning
and protection for the membrane, important for
cell recognition and determining if cells should be
there or not, and acts as a glue to attach cells
together
Polar substances - Water soluble
- Water, sodium, potassium
Nonpolar substances - Fat soluble
- Urea, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and alcohol
Solubility - Like dissolves like
- Polar liquids dissolve polar substances
- Nonpolar liquids dissolve nonpolar substances
What substances can easily pass - Nonpolar substances will pass through easily
through the phospholipid bilayer of - Polar substances must go through a channel in
cell membranes? the cell membrane
Disorder - Disorder increases
- Molecules want to go where there is more room
for them to spread out
Diffusion - The movement of small molecules from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Does not require ATP energy
- Consists of a solute (molecules being dissolved)
and a solution (water)
- Nonpolar, small lipid-soluble molecules will
easily pass through the lipid bilayer
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, 7/2/26, 8:52 AM BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC - SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ (updat…
Osmosis - The unassisted diffusion of water across a
selective permeable membrane
- Water will go through an aquaporin (a pore) and
will move from where there is more water to where
there is less water (high to low) OR movement of
water from an area of low solute concentration to
an area of high solute concentration
- Happens when the membrane is not permeable
to the solutes
Osmotic pressure - The pressure needed to stop osmosis
- Water follows salt concept
- The more particles there are, the greater the
osmotic pressure
Osmolarity - The concentration of solute particles in a solution
- NaCl and NH4Cl= x2
- Glucose and Urea = x2
- Must be constantly maintained or neurons will be
damaged - osmoreceptors in the hypothalmus
detect increased in osmolarity (due to dehydration)
which triggers antidiuretic hormone release, thrist,
and decresed excretion of water in urine
Tonicity - The ability of a solution to affect a cell - cell
volume will increase and decrease according to
the concentration of the solute surrounding it
- It involves the number of nonpenetrating solutes
in a solution and take into account the permeability
of the membrane to the solutes and water
- 3 solution types: isotonic, hypertonic, and
hypotonic
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BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC -
SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100%
Correct Answers graded A+ (updated 2026)
Guaranteed Success!!
Save Add to calendar
Terms in this set (180)
Homeostasis The body's ability to maintain internal stability, even
in the face of external change
Components of a homeostatic - Control center: usually found in the hypothalamus
mechanism of the brain, contains the "set point" for the
variable, receives info from the receptors and
sends instructions to effectors
- Receptors: detect or sense the variable and send
that info to the control center
- Effectors: receive instructions from the control
center and carry them out to get the variable back
to normal
Examples of homeostatic - The maintenance of body temperature
mechanisms - Blood glucose levels
- Blood sodium levels
- Blood pressure
Negative feedback - When a change in the variable occurs, the body
responds by causing a change in the opposite
direction
- The main way that homeostatic mechanisms work
https://quizlet.com/1192796959/bio-2301-human-physiology-exam-1-cscc-su18-exam-questions-answers-with-100-correct-answers-graded-a-update… 1/32
,7/2/26, 8:52 AM BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC - SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ (updat…
Positive feedback - When a change in the variable occurs, the body
responds by causing more of a change in the same
direction
- Rarely used in the body
- Examples: blood clotting, oxytocin release during
child birth, and milk release
Structure of the plasma membrane - Semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer
- Regulates passage of substances into and out of
the cell
- Principal components: lipids, proteins,
carbohydrates
Phospholipids in the plasma - Hydrophilic head
membrane - Hydrophobic tail
- Arranged in a double layer (bilayer) with the
heads surrounded by fluid and the tails kept from
the water
Cholesterol in the cell membrane - Hydrophobic so found in the tail
- Maintains the consistency of the cell membrane
- Strengthens it by preventing smell molecules
from crossing
- Keeps the phospholipid tails from coming into
contact and solidifying it to ensure the
hydrophobic tail stays fluid and flexible
Proteins in the cell membrane - Function as enzymes to speed up chemical
reactions
- Act as receptors for specific molecules or
transport materials across the cell membrane
- Integral proteins are located within the lipid
bilater
- Peripheral proteins are located outside the lipid
bilayer
https://quizlet.com/1192796959/bio-2301-human-physiology-exam-1-cscc-su18-exam-questions-answers-with-100-correct-answers-graded-a-update… 2/32
,7/2/26, 8:52 AM BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC - SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ (updat…
Carbohydrates in the cell membrane - Sometime attached to proteins or lipids on the
outside of the cell membrane
- Form the glycocalyx which provides cushioning
and protection for the membrane, important for
cell recognition and determining if cells should be
there or not, and acts as a glue to attach cells
together
Polar substances - Water soluble
- Water, sodium, potassium
Nonpolar substances - Fat soluble
- Urea, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and alcohol
Solubility - Like dissolves like
- Polar liquids dissolve polar substances
- Nonpolar liquids dissolve nonpolar substances
What substances can easily pass - Nonpolar substances will pass through easily
through the phospholipid bilayer of - Polar substances must go through a channel in
cell membranes? the cell membrane
Disorder - Disorder increases
- Molecules want to go where there is more room
for them to spread out
Diffusion - The movement of small molecules from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Does not require ATP energy
- Consists of a solute (molecules being dissolved)
and a solution (water)
- Nonpolar, small lipid-soluble molecules will
easily pass through the lipid bilayer
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, 7/2/26, 8:52 AM BIO 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 1 (CSCC - SU18) EXAM Questions & Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ (updat…
Osmosis - The unassisted diffusion of water across a
selective permeable membrane
- Water will go through an aquaporin (a pore) and
will move from where there is more water to where
there is less water (high to low) OR movement of
water from an area of low solute concentration to
an area of high solute concentration
- Happens when the membrane is not permeable
to the solutes
Osmotic pressure - The pressure needed to stop osmosis
- Water follows salt concept
- The more particles there are, the greater the
osmotic pressure
Osmolarity - The concentration of solute particles in a solution
- NaCl and NH4Cl= x2
- Glucose and Urea = x2
- Must be constantly maintained or neurons will be
damaged - osmoreceptors in the hypothalmus
detect increased in osmolarity (due to dehydration)
which triggers antidiuretic hormone release, thrist,
and decresed excretion of water in urine
Tonicity - The ability of a solution to affect a cell - cell
volume will increase and decrease according to
the concentration of the solute surrounding it
- It involves the number of nonpenetrating solutes
in a solution and take into account the permeability
of the membrane to the solutes and water
- 3 solution types: isotonic, hypertonic, and
hypotonic
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