NURS 5366 Advanced
Pathophysiology Actual Exam 1
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will lead to
____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus. Crepitus is associated with
which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
,b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
,d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
, b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram
shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve
creates an increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular
adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As the years go
by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins
to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo
adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Pathophysiology Actual Exam 1
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will lead to
____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus. Crepitus is associated with
which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
,b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
,d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
, b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram
shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve
creates an increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular
adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As the years go
by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins
to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo
adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-A
