ELIOPOULOS FINAL PAPER FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● 2. The error theory of aging proposes a cause-and-effect relationship
between the genetic activity of body cells and the effects of aging. Place
the following steps in the error theory of aging in the correct
chronological order. Use all the options.
A) Organ, tissue, and system malfunction
B) Perpetuation of mutation during cell divisions
C) DNA mutation
D) Overall decline in body functions
E) Decline in body functions
Answer: Ans: C, B, E, A, D
Feedback:
The error theory of aging proposes that DNA mutations occur on a
single-cell level and are perpetuated in subsequent cell divisions. The
overall number of mutant cells in the body increases and causes
deleterious effects on tissues and systems and eventual decline in body
function.
●● 3. A nurse is explaining to an older adult client that many of the
changes in his body that are currently causing him frustration may have
,their origins in genetic changes that may have in fact benefited him
during his younger years. Which of the following theories of aging
underlies the nurse's explanation?
A) Disposable soma theory
B) Free radical theory
C) Mutation accumulation theory
D) Antagonistic pleiotropy theory
Answer: Ans: D
Feedback:
Antagonistic pleiotropy theory proposes that genetic mutations that are
problematic in later life may be rooted in mutation that played a
beneficial role earlier in life. This perspective is not a component of the
disposable soma theory, free radical theory, or mutation accumulation
theory.
●● 4. An 80-year-old female who enjoys good health explains to her
primary care provider that she attributes her health status to her regular
intake of berries, fruit juices, and green tea, which she states "help
cleanse the damaging molecules out of my body." Which of the
following theories of aging underlies the client's health behaviors?
A) Free radical theory
B) Biogerontology
C) Disposable soma theory
, D) Cross-linking theory
Answer: Ans: A
Feedback:
The free radical theory of aging attributes damage to the accumulation
of free radicals that may be countered by the intake of antioxidants. This
is not an explicit component of the disposable soma or cross-linking
theory of aging. Biogerontology is the study of the relationship between
aging and disease.
●● 5. A nurse is discussing an older adult client's apparent increased
susceptibility to infection with his family. Which of the following
statements by the nurse would be most congruent with current thought
around the autoimmune role in the aging process?
A) "Changes that we call 'mutations' in your father's cells make his
organs more vulnerable to chronic illness and germs."
B) "Older adults often have more difficulty fighting off infections
because of their weaker immune systems, and their bodies can even
attack themselves."
C) "Diseases such as arthritis, which we term 'autoimmune,' make older
people more likely to catch viruses and other bugs."
D) "Our bodies seem to have an 'expiry date,' after which we are far
more likely to get infections and develop chronic illness."
Answer: Ans: B
Feedback:
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● 2. The error theory of aging proposes a cause-and-effect relationship
between the genetic activity of body cells and the effects of aging. Place
the following steps in the error theory of aging in the correct
chronological order. Use all the options.
A) Organ, tissue, and system malfunction
B) Perpetuation of mutation during cell divisions
C) DNA mutation
D) Overall decline in body functions
E) Decline in body functions
Answer: Ans: C, B, E, A, D
Feedback:
The error theory of aging proposes that DNA mutations occur on a
single-cell level and are perpetuated in subsequent cell divisions. The
overall number of mutant cells in the body increases and causes
deleterious effects on tissues and systems and eventual decline in body
function.
●● 3. A nurse is explaining to an older adult client that many of the
changes in his body that are currently causing him frustration may have
,their origins in genetic changes that may have in fact benefited him
during his younger years. Which of the following theories of aging
underlies the nurse's explanation?
A) Disposable soma theory
B) Free radical theory
C) Mutation accumulation theory
D) Antagonistic pleiotropy theory
Answer: Ans: D
Feedback:
Antagonistic pleiotropy theory proposes that genetic mutations that are
problematic in later life may be rooted in mutation that played a
beneficial role earlier in life. This perspective is not a component of the
disposable soma theory, free radical theory, or mutation accumulation
theory.
●● 4. An 80-year-old female who enjoys good health explains to her
primary care provider that she attributes her health status to her regular
intake of berries, fruit juices, and green tea, which she states "help
cleanse the damaging molecules out of my body." Which of the
following theories of aging underlies the client's health behaviors?
A) Free radical theory
B) Biogerontology
C) Disposable soma theory
, D) Cross-linking theory
Answer: Ans: A
Feedback:
The free radical theory of aging attributes damage to the accumulation
of free radicals that may be countered by the intake of antioxidants. This
is not an explicit component of the disposable soma or cross-linking
theory of aging. Biogerontology is the study of the relationship between
aging and disease.
●● 5. A nurse is discussing an older adult client's apparent increased
susceptibility to infection with his family. Which of the following
statements by the nurse would be most congruent with current thought
around the autoimmune role in the aging process?
A) "Changes that we call 'mutations' in your father's cells make his
organs more vulnerable to chronic illness and germs."
B) "Older adults often have more difficulty fighting off infections
because of their weaker immune systems, and their bodies can even
attack themselves."
C) "Diseases such as arthritis, which we term 'autoimmune,' make older
people more likely to catch viruses and other bugs."
D) "Our bodies seem to have an 'expiry date,' after which we are far
more likely to get infections and develop chronic illness."
Answer: Ans: B
Feedback:
