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Chapter 01: Nursing Today
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Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE L
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1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health? a.
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Florence Nightingale L
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b. Mary Nutting T L
c. Clara Barton L
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d. Lillian Wald L
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ANS: A L
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Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
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poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald
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came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary
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Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded
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the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) L
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OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
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TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance L
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2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard
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of nursing practice is the nurse following? a. Assessment
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b. Diagnosis
, c. Planning
d. Implementation
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In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to
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attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive
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data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse
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analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation,
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the registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
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DIF:Understand (comprehension) L
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OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. T L L
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MSC: Management of Care
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3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
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proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor? a. Novice
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b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner L
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ANS: A L
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A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous
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level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in
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home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical
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situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge
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gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the
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organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or
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orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing
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care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the
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situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but
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the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
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DIF:Apply (application) L
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OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. T L L
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MSC: Management of Care
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4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more
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fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the
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nurse demonstrating? a. Licensure
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b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
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Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
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independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United
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States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN . Beyond the NCLEX-RN , the nurse
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may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability
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, means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing
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care provided.
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DIF:Apply (application) T L
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career T L T L T L T L T L opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC: T L T L T L T L T L
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5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
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implementing?
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a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B L
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A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing
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care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or
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facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for
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routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning
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or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you
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protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if
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the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease
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and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing
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process.
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OBJ:Discuss the roles and career T L T L T L T L T L opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC: T L T L T L T L T L
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6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
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nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development.
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To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend? a. Doctor of Nursing Science
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degree (DNSc)
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b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) L
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c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) T L T L L
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d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) T L T L L
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ANS: B L
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Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development
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and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
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programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
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nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
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practitioners.
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OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) L
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education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
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, 7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
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Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive? a. Graduate education
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b. Inservice education T L
c. Continuing education L
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d. Registered nurse education L
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ANS: C L
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universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and
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educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing,
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you can pursue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of
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graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training
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provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education
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preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
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DIF:Apply (application) L
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education.
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8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education
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for Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating? a. Safety
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b. Patient-centered care L
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c. Quality improvement L
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d. Teamwork and collaboration T L L
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ANS: C L
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Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk
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of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual
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performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control
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and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for
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patient’s preferences, values, and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective
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functioning within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication,
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mutual respect, and shared decision making.
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9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
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a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict L
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b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress T L L
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c. Short-term grief and single stressor L
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d. Physical and mental exhaustion T L L
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ANS: B L
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Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
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(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief T L L
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and loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single
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