BIOL 271 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
Carbohydrates: Name two monosaccharides, one disaccharide,
and two polysaccharides found in plants. Correct Answers
Monosaccharides- triose (glyerol), pentose (fructose), and
hexose (glucose).
Disaccharides- sucrose (fructose + glucose)
Polysaccharides- cellulose (structural) and starch (storage)
Define bulb. Correct Answers Short underground stem covered
by enlarged and fleshy leaf bases containing stored food.
Define Cotyledon. Correct Answers First extension to appear
from germinating seed besides the root. First leaves of the plant.
Define embryo. Correct Answers develops from a fertilized
egg cell, which becomes a zygote, then the embryo.
Define endosperm. Correct Answers Part of the seed acting as
a food store for the developing seed. Usually contains starch
with protein, among other nutrients. Develops from polar nuclei,
fertilized by a sperm from the pollen tube.
Define epigeous germination. Correct Answers Cotyledon is
carried above ground by the hypocotyl extending, forming a
hook, and pulling it up from the soil. Shoots extend above the
cotyledon, then the cotyledon will shrink.
Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. Correct Answers
Hypertonic- water flows out of the cell
Hypotonic- water flows into the cell
, Isotonic- water flows in and out
Define hypogeous germination. Correct Answers Cotyledons
remain underground, plumule and epicotyl grow above the soil,
forming a hook in the soil to protect the shoot tip and the young
leaves. As the epicotyl straightens out, the plumule is raised
above the surface.
Define Osmosis. Correct Answers diffusion of water or any
solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from region of
high pressure to low pressure.
Define phloem and its three main cell types. Correct Answers
Living at maturity, but often lack components of normal cells.
Three main types:
Sieve Cells: food-conducting elements found in gymnosperms
Albuminous Cells: believed to play a role in the delivery of
substances to the sieve cell, including informational molecules
and ATP. Associated with sieve cells, but not derived from the
same mother cell as the sieve cell. Has numerous
plasmodesmata connecting it to sieve cells.
Sieve-tube Elements: food-conducting element found ONLY IN
ANGIOSPERMS.
Companion Cells: believed to play a role in the delivery of
substances to the sieve-tube element, including informational
molecules and ATP. ONLY IN ANGIOSPERMS. Derived from
Carbohydrates: Name two monosaccharides, one disaccharide,
and two polysaccharides found in plants. Correct Answers
Monosaccharides- triose (glyerol), pentose (fructose), and
hexose (glucose).
Disaccharides- sucrose (fructose + glucose)
Polysaccharides- cellulose (structural) and starch (storage)
Define bulb. Correct Answers Short underground stem covered
by enlarged and fleshy leaf bases containing stored food.
Define Cotyledon. Correct Answers First extension to appear
from germinating seed besides the root. First leaves of the plant.
Define embryo. Correct Answers develops from a fertilized
egg cell, which becomes a zygote, then the embryo.
Define endosperm. Correct Answers Part of the seed acting as
a food store for the developing seed. Usually contains starch
with protein, among other nutrients. Develops from polar nuclei,
fertilized by a sperm from the pollen tube.
Define epigeous germination. Correct Answers Cotyledon is
carried above ground by the hypocotyl extending, forming a
hook, and pulling it up from the soil. Shoots extend above the
cotyledon, then the cotyledon will shrink.
Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. Correct Answers
Hypertonic- water flows out of the cell
Hypotonic- water flows into the cell
, Isotonic- water flows in and out
Define hypogeous germination. Correct Answers Cotyledons
remain underground, plumule and epicotyl grow above the soil,
forming a hook in the soil to protect the shoot tip and the young
leaves. As the epicotyl straightens out, the plumule is raised
above the surface.
Define Osmosis. Correct Answers diffusion of water or any
solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from region of
high pressure to low pressure.
Define phloem and its three main cell types. Correct Answers
Living at maturity, but often lack components of normal cells.
Three main types:
Sieve Cells: food-conducting elements found in gymnosperms
Albuminous Cells: believed to play a role in the delivery of
substances to the sieve cell, including informational molecules
and ATP. Associated with sieve cells, but not derived from the
same mother cell as the sieve cell. Has numerous
plasmodesmata connecting it to sieve cells.
Sieve-tube Elements: food-conducting element found ONLY IN
ANGIOSPERMS.
Companion Cells: believed to play a role in the delivery of
substances to the sieve-tube element, including informational
molecules and ATP. ONLY IN ANGIOSPERMS. Derived from
