FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 2 PACKAGE DEAL CORE
RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT AND AIRWAY
INTERVENTIONS REVIEW 2026
◉ Alveoli.
Answer: Balloon-like clusters of single-layer air sacs, and serve as
the functional site for the exchange of oxygen and CO2. This
exchange occurs by simple diffusion over the pulmonary capillaries.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: Process of moving air in and out of the lungs. Consist of two
phases- inhalation and exhalation.
◉ Oxygenation.
Answer: Process of loading O2 molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream.
◉ Respiration.
Answer: Actual exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli and the tissues
of the body.
,◉ Inhalation.
Answer: Air enters the body, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract. When the diaphragm contracts, it descends and enlarges
the thoracic cage from top to bottom. When the intercostal muscles
contract, they lift the ribs up and out.
◉ Diaphragm.
Answer: Stimulated by the Phrenic Nerve, it is a voluntary and
involuntary muscle.
◉ Accessory Muscles.
Answer: Secondary muscles of breathing, and include the
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the neck.
◉ Negative Pressure Ventilation.
Answer: The air outside the body, is normally higher in pressure
than the air within the thorax. During inhalation, the thoracic cage
expands and the air within the thorax decreases, creating a slight
vacuum. The vacuum pulls the air in through the trachea, causing the
lungs to fill.
◉ Positive Pressure Ventilation.
Answer: With ineffective chest movement, or no chest movement,
negative intrathoracic pressure cannot be created. When this occurs,
, the only way to move air into the lungs is by PPV, the forcing of air
into the lungs.
◉ Tidal Vol/Dead Space/Residual Vol/Total Lung Capacity.
Answer: Tidal- 500ml
Total Lung Capacity- 6,000ml/5-6L
Dead Space- 150ml
Residual Vol- 1,200ml
◉ Hering- Breuer Reflex.
Answer: Terminates inhalation to prevent over-expansion of the
lungs.
◉ Medulla.
Answer: Primary involuntary (autonomic) respiratory center.
Connected to the respiratory muscles by the vagus nerve. The
medullary respiratory center controls the rate, depth, and rhythm of
breathing.
◉ Chemoreceptors.
Answer: Receptors that monitor the chemical composition (pH,
CO2,) of body fluids that are located throughout the body. They
measure the amount of CO2 in arterial blood and pH in CSF, and if
sensed any changes will send signals to the respiratory center.
RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT AND AIRWAY
INTERVENTIONS REVIEW 2026
◉ Alveoli.
Answer: Balloon-like clusters of single-layer air sacs, and serve as
the functional site for the exchange of oxygen and CO2. This
exchange occurs by simple diffusion over the pulmonary capillaries.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: Process of moving air in and out of the lungs. Consist of two
phases- inhalation and exhalation.
◉ Oxygenation.
Answer: Process of loading O2 molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream.
◉ Respiration.
Answer: Actual exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli and the tissues
of the body.
,◉ Inhalation.
Answer: Air enters the body, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract. When the diaphragm contracts, it descends and enlarges
the thoracic cage from top to bottom. When the intercostal muscles
contract, they lift the ribs up and out.
◉ Diaphragm.
Answer: Stimulated by the Phrenic Nerve, it is a voluntary and
involuntary muscle.
◉ Accessory Muscles.
Answer: Secondary muscles of breathing, and include the
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the neck.
◉ Negative Pressure Ventilation.
Answer: The air outside the body, is normally higher in pressure
than the air within the thorax. During inhalation, the thoracic cage
expands and the air within the thorax decreases, creating a slight
vacuum. The vacuum pulls the air in through the trachea, causing the
lungs to fill.
◉ Positive Pressure Ventilation.
Answer: With ineffective chest movement, or no chest movement,
negative intrathoracic pressure cannot be created. When this occurs,
, the only way to move air into the lungs is by PPV, the forcing of air
into the lungs.
◉ Tidal Vol/Dead Space/Residual Vol/Total Lung Capacity.
Answer: Tidal- 500ml
Total Lung Capacity- 6,000ml/5-6L
Dead Space- 150ml
Residual Vol- 1,200ml
◉ Hering- Breuer Reflex.
Answer: Terminates inhalation to prevent over-expansion of the
lungs.
◉ Medulla.
Answer: Primary involuntary (autonomic) respiratory center.
Connected to the respiratory muscles by the vagus nerve. The
medullary respiratory center controls the rate, depth, and rhythm of
breathing.
◉ Chemoreceptors.
Answer: Receptors that monitor the chemical composition (pH,
CO2,) of body fluids that are located throughout the body. They
measure the amount of CO2 in arterial blood and pH in CSF, and if
sensed any changes will send signals to the respiratory center.
