PNR 206/PNR206 Exam 3 V1 | Medical-
Surgical Nursing II Q&A with Rationale |
Fortis College
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus plans to engage in a vigorous exercise program.
Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A. Increase the insulin dose before exercise to prevent hyperglycemia.
B. Avoid consuming carbohydrates immediately after exercise.
C. Exercise only when the blood glucose is above 300 mg/dL.
D. Check blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise.
Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise increases glucose uptake by muscles and can lead to hypoglycemia.
The nurse must instruct the patient to monitor glucose levels closely to adjust food or
insulin intake. This practice helps identify how specific activities affect the patient’s
glycemic control over time.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse prioritize when assessing a patient for
suspected Graves’ disease?
A. Exophthalmos and tachycardia.
B. Cold intolerance and lethargy.
C. Bradycardia and weight gain.
,D. Dry skin and constipation.
Answer: A
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by an overactive
metabolism. Exophthalmos, or bulging eyes, and tachycardia are classic signs associated
with high levels of circulating thyroid hormones. The nurse should recognize these signs as
part of the hypermetabolic state typical of this condition.
3. A patient is admitted with an Addisonian crisis. Which electrolyte imbalance should the
nurse expect to find in the laboratory results?
A. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia.
B. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
C. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
D. Hypomagnesemia and hypernatremia.
Answer: B
Rationale: Addison’s disease involves a deficiency in mineralocorticoids, particularly
aldosterone, which leads to sodium wasting and potassium retention. Patients in crisis will
exhibit low sodium and high potassium levels due to the lack of adrenal cortex function.
Immediate intervention is required to restore electrolyte balance and prevent
cardiovascular collapse.
, 4. A nurse is teaching a patient about newly prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina.
Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will take one tablet every 5 minutes for up to three doses if chest pain persists.
B. I should sit down before taking the medication because it can make me dizzy.
C. I can swallow the tablet with a full glass of water if it burns under my tongue.
D. I will call 911 if the pain does not go away after the first dose.
Answer: C
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin must be dissolved under the tongue to bypass first-
pass metabolism and reach the bloodstream quickly. Swallowing the medication renders it
ineffective for acute angina relief. The slight burning sensation is a common side effect and
indicates that the medication is potent.
5. When assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure, which finding should the nurse
anticipate?
A. Jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.
B. Pulmonary crackles and wheezing.
C. Dyspnea and orthopnea.
D. Frothy, pink-tinged sputum.
Answer: A
Surgical Nursing II Q&A with Rationale |
Fortis College
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus plans to engage in a vigorous exercise program.
Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A. Increase the insulin dose before exercise to prevent hyperglycemia.
B. Avoid consuming carbohydrates immediately after exercise.
C. Exercise only when the blood glucose is above 300 mg/dL.
D. Check blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise.
Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise increases glucose uptake by muscles and can lead to hypoglycemia.
The nurse must instruct the patient to monitor glucose levels closely to adjust food or
insulin intake. This practice helps identify how specific activities affect the patient’s
glycemic control over time.
2. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse prioritize when assessing a patient for
suspected Graves’ disease?
A. Exophthalmos and tachycardia.
B. Cold intolerance and lethargy.
C. Bradycardia and weight gain.
,D. Dry skin and constipation.
Answer: A
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by an overactive
metabolism. Exophthalmos, or bulging eyes, and tachycardia are classic signs associated
with high levels of circulating thyroid hormones. The nurse should recognize these signs as
part of the hypermetabolic state typical of this condition.
3. A patient is admitted with an Addisonian crisis. Which electrolyte imbalance should the
nurse expect to find in the laboratory results?
A. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia.
B. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
C. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
D. Hypomagnesemia and hypernatremia.
Answer: B
Rationale: Addison’s disease involves a deficiency in mineralocorticoids, particularly
aldosterone, which leads to sodium wasting and potassium retention. Patients in crisis will
exhibit low sodium and high potassium levels due to the lack of adrenal cortex function.
Immediate intervention is required to restore electrolyte balance and prevent
cardiovascular collapse.
, 4. A nurse is teaching a patient about newly prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina.
Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I will take one tablet every 5 minutes for up to three doses if chest pain persists.
B. I should sit down before taking the medication because it can make me dizzy.
C. I can swallow the tablet with a full glass of water if it burns under my tongue.
D. I will call 911 if the pain does not go away after the first dose.
Answer: C
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin must be dissolved under the tongue to bypass first-
pass metabolism and reach the bloodstream quickly. Swallowing the medication renders it
ineffective for acute angina relief. The slight burning sensation is a common side effect and
indicates that the medication is potent.
5. When assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure, which finding should the nurse
anticipate?
A. Jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.
B. Pulmonary crackles and wheezing.
C. Dyspnea and orthopnea.
D. Frothy, pink-tinged sputum.
Answer: A
