Lifespan Growth and Development
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
What is language? - ANSWERS- Form of communication; whether spoken, written, or
signed based on a system of symbols
-Words used by a community and rules for varying and combining them
Infinite Generativity - ANSWERSAbility to produce an endless number of meaningful
sentences using a finite set words and rules
Phonemes - ANSWERSbasic unit of sound in a language
Morphemes - ANSWERSSmallest unit of language with meaning
Syntax - ANSWERSWays in which words are combined to form acceptable phrases and
sentences
Sematics - ANSWERSMeaning of words and sentences
Pragmatics - ANSWERS-Appropriate use of language in different contexts
-Pragmatic rules can be complex and differ from one culture to another
Overextensions - ANSWERSTendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate
for word's meaning
Underextension - ANSWERSApply a word too narrowly
Generally be able to identify when a child should be using what kind of language (Use
the table) - ANSWERS-Birth: Crying
-2 to 4 months: Cooing begins
-5 months: Understands first word
-6 months: Babbling begins
-7 to 11 months: Change from universal linguist to language-specific listener
-8 to 12 months: Uses gestures, such as showing and ponting. Comprehension of
words appears
-13 months: First word spoken
-18 months: Vocabulary spurt starts
-18 to 24 months: Uses two-word utterances. Rapid expansion of understanding of
words.
, Literacy and literacy acquisition - ANSWERS
Reading - ANSWERSWhole language v. Phonics
Whole Language Approach - ANSWERS-Reading instruction that parallels children's
natural language learning
-Taught to recognize whole words or sentences and to use context of what they are
reading to guess meanings of words
-Often integrated with other subject and real-world materials
Phonics Approach - ANSWERSReading instruction that teaches basic rules for
translating written symbols into sounds
Bilingual and second language acquisition - ANSWERS
Broca's Area - ANSWERSRegion of the left frontal lobe involved in producing words
Wernicke's Area - ANSWERSRegion of brain's left hemisphere involved in language
comprehension
Recasting - ANSWERSRephrasing something child has said, in a form of question or
restating in a fully grammatical sentence
Expanding - ANSWERSRestating, in a linguistically sophisticated form, what child has
said
Labeling - ANSWERSIdentifying names of objects
Emotions - ANSWERS-Feeling, or affect, that occurs in a state or an interaction that is
important to a person, especially to his/her well-being
-Positive emotions include enthusiasm, joy, and love
-Negative emotions include anxiety, anger, guilt, and sadness
Emotional Regulation - ANSWERSEmotional regulation consists of effectively managing
arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal
Why do babies cry? - ANSWERS
Social smile - ANSWERSOccurs in response to external stimuli
Men v. Women in stress reactions - ANSWERS- Men are more likely to respond in a
"fight or flight" manner when facing stress. They become aggressive, withdraw from
social contact, or drink alcohol.
-Women engage in a "tend and befriend" pattern. Seeking social alliances with others,
especially friends.
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
What is language? - ANSWERS- Form of communication; whether spoken, written, or
signed based on a system of symbols
-Words used by a community and rules for varying and combining them
Infinite Generativity - ANSWERSAbility to produce an endless number of meaningful
sentences using a finite set words and rules
Phonemes - ANSWERSbasic unit of sound in a language
Morphemes - ANSWERSSmallest unit of language with meaning
Syntax - ANSWERSWays in which words are combined to form acceptable phrases and
sentences
Sematics - ANSWERSMeaning of words and sentences
Pragmatics - ANSWERS-Appropriate use of language in different contexts
-Pragmatic rules can be complex and differ from one culture to another
Overextensions - ANSWERSTendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate
for word's meaning
Underextension - ANSWERSApply a word too narrowly
Generally be able to identify when a child should be using what kind of language (Use
the table) - ANSWERS-Birth: Crying
-2 to 4 months: Cooing begins
-5 months: Understands first word
-6 months: Babbling begins
-7 to 11 months: Change from universal linguist to language-specific listener
-8 to 12 months: Uses gestures, such as showing and ponting. Comprehension of
words appears
-13 months: First word spoken
-18 months: Vocabulary spurt starts
-18 to 24 months: Uses two-word utterances. Rapid expansion of understanding of
words.
, Literacy and literacy acquisition - ANSWERS
Reading - ANSWERSWhole language v. Phonics
Whole Language Approach - ANSWERS-Reading instruction that parallels children's
natural language learning
-Taught to recognize whole words or sentences and to use context of what they are
reading to guess meanings of words
-Often integrated with other subject and real-world materials
Phonics Approach - ANSWERSReading instruction that teaches basic rules for
translating written symbols into sounds
Bilingual and second language acquisition - ANSWERS
Broca's Area - ANSWERSRegion of the left frontal lobe involved in producing words
Wernicke's Area - ANSWERSRegion of brain's left hemisphere involved in language
comprehension
Recasting - ANSWERSRephrasing something child has said, in a form of question or
restating in a fully grammatical sentence
Expanding - ANSWERSRestating, in a linguistically sophisticated form, what child has
said
Labeling - ANSWERSIdentifying names of objects
Emotions - ANSWERS-Feeling, or affect, that occurs in a state or an interaction that is
important to a person, especially to his/her well-being
-Positive emotions include enthusiasm, joy, and love
-Negative emotions include anxiety, anger, guilt, and sadness
Emotional Regulation - ANSWERSEmotional regulation consists of effectively managing
arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal
Why do babies cry? - ANSWERS
Social smile - ANSWERSOccurs in response to external stimuli
Men v. Women in stress reactions - ANSWERS- Men are more likely to respond in a
"fight or flight" manner when facing stress. They become aggressive, withdraw from
social contact, or drink alcohol.
-Women engage in a "tend and befriend" pattern. Seeking social alliances with others,
especially friends.
