Essentials of lifespan development
chapters 1-4 Questions with Correct
Answers
development - ANSWERSthe pattern of movement or change that begins at conception
and continues through the human lifespan
life-span perspective - ANSWERSviews development as lifelong, multidimensional,
multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that
involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
normative age-graded influences - ANSWERSsimilar for individuals in a particular age
group; influences include biological process such as puberty and menopause
normative history-graded influences - ANSWERScommon to people of a particular
generation because of historical circumstances [I.e. baby boomers experiencing Cuban
missile crisis]
nonnormative life events - ANSWERSunusual occurrences that have a major impact on
the individual's life
culture - ANSWERSencompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products
of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation
cross-cultural studies - ANSWERScompare aspects of two or more cultures
ethnicity - ANSWERSrooted in cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
socioeconomic status - ANSWERSrefers to a person's position within society based on
occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
gender - ANSWERSthe characteristics of people as femals and meales
social policy - ANSWERSa government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of it's citizens
biological processes - ANSWERSproduce changes in an individual's physical nature
cognitive processes - ANSWERSrefer to changes in an individual's thinking,
intelligence, and language
, socioemotional processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in the individual's relationships
with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality
theory - ANSWERSan interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps us explain
phenomena ad make predictions
hypotheses - ANSWERSspecific assertions and predictions that can be tested
psychoanalytic theories - ANSWERSdescribe development primarily in terms of
unconscious processes that are heavily colored by emotion
Erickson's theory - ANSWERSeight stages of development unfold as we go through life
Piaget's theory - ANSWERSstates that children go through four stages of cognitive
development as they actively construct their understanding of the world
Vygotsky's theory - ANSWERSa sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how
culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
information-processing theory - ANSWERSemphasizes that individuals manipulate
information, monitor it, and strategize about it
social cognitive theory - ANSWERSholds that behavior, environment, and
person/cognitive factors are the key factors in development
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - ANSWERSholds that development reflects the
influence of several environmental sytems
naturalistic observation - ANSWERSobserving behavior in real-life setting and making
no effort to manipulate or control the situation
correlation research - ANSWERSgoal is to describe the strength of the relation between
two or more events or characteristics
correlation coefficient - ANSWERSa number based on a statistical analysis that is used
to describe the degree of association between two variables
cross-sectional approach - ANSWERSa research strategy that simultaneously
compares individuals of different ages
longitudinal approach - ANSWERSa research strategy in which the same individuals are
studied over a period of time, usually several years
evolutionary psychology - ANSWERSephasizes the importance of adaption,
reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior
chapters 1-4 Questions with Correct
Answers
development - ANSWERSthe pattern of movement or change that begins at conception
and continues through the human lifespan
life-span perspective - ANSWERSviews development as lifelong, multidimensional,
multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that
involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
normative age-graded influences - ANSWERSsimilar for individuals in a particular age
group; influences include biological process such as puberty and menopause
normative history-graded influences - ANSWERScommon to people of a particular
generation because of historical circumstances [I.e. baby boomers experiencing Cuban
missile crisis]
nonnormative life events - ANSWERSunusual occurrences that have a major impact on
the individual's life
culture - ANSWERSencompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products
of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation
cross-cultural studies - ANSWERScompare aspects of two or more cultures
ethnicity - ANSWERSrooted in cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
socioeconomic status - ANSWERSrefers to a person's position within society based on
occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
gender - ANSWERSthe characteristics of people as femals and meales
social policy - ANSWERSa government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of it's citizens
biological processes - ANSWERSproduce changes in an individual's physical nature
cognitive processes - ANSWERSrefer to changes in an individual's thinking,
intelligence, and language
, socioemotional processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in the individual's relationships
with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality
theory - ANSWERSan interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps us explain
phenomena ad make predictions
hypotheses - ANSWERSspecific assertions and predictions that can be tested
psychoanalytic theories - ANSWERSdescribe development primarily in terms of
unconscious processes that are heavily colored by emotion
Erickson's theory - ANSWERSeight stages of development unfold as we go through life
Piaget's theory - ANSWERSstates that children go through four stages of cognitive
development as they actively construct their understanding of the world
Vygotsky's theory - ANSWERSa sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how
culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
information-processing theory - ANSWERSemphasizes that individuals manipulate
information, monitor it, and strategize about it
social cognitive theory - ANSWERSholds that behavior, environment, and
person/cognitive factors are the key factors in development
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - ANSWERSholds that development reflects the
influence of several environmental sytems
naturalistic observation - ANSWERSobserving behavior in real-life setting and making
no effort to manipulate or control the situation
correlation research - ANSWERSgoal is to describe the strength of the relation between
two or more events or characteristics
correlation coefficient - ANSWERSa number based on a statistical analysis that is used
to describe the degree of association between two variables
cross-sectional approach - ANSWERSa research strategy that simultaneously
compares individuals of different ages
longitudinal approach - ANSWERSa research strategy in which the same individuals are
studied over a period of time, usually several years
evolutionary psychology - ANSWERSephasizes the importance of adaption,
reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior
