Human Physiology Cumulative Final Test Bank Exam Questions And Verified Answers {Latest Update }

You are volunteering at a weight-loss clinic. You're in charge of a station that makes
individualized recommendations for increasing daily metabolic rate. Which of the
following lifestyle changes can increase metabolic rate to the greatest extent?
A) Increasing skeletal muscle activity
B) Increasing mental activity
C) Increasing dietary caloric intake
D) Increasing environmental temperature
E) Increasing blood glucose levels
A
A person who has hypothyroidism would be expected to
A) have an increased basal metabolic rate.
B) have reduced tolerance for cold temperatures.
C) lose body weight.
D) be restless and irritable.
E) have symptoms similar to over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
B
If more calories are ingested in food than are expended by metabolism
A) a person will gain weight.

,B) a person will lose weight.
C) a person will stay the same weight because the excess energy is destroyed.
D) whether weight is gained or lost depends upon whether the calories are in the form of
proteins, carbohydrates, or fat.
A
The subjective feeling of hunger is stimulated when
A) plasma insulin concentration increases.
B) plasma ghrelin concentration decreases.
C) plasma leptin concentration decreases.
D) plasma glucose concentration increases.
E) body temperature increases.
C
Ghrelin is secreted by ________, and increases ________ while decreasing ________.
A) cells in the stomach; neuropeptide Y secretion; hunger
B) adipose tissue; growth hormone secretion; leptin secretion
C) muscle tissue; hunger; growth hormone secretion
D) cells in the stomach; hunger; fat breakdown
E) adipose tissue; hunger; fat breakdown
D
The thermoneutral zone is defined as
A) the region in the central core of the body where temperature never changes.
B) the core body temperature at which no energy is expended to maintain homeostasis.
C) the environmental temperature range over which the changes in skin blood flow
alone can regulate body temperature.
D) the region of the body halfway between the high-temperature core and the low-
temperature skin.
E) the environmental temperature range in which shivering, changes in blood flow, and
changes in thyroid hormone concentrations can maintain homeostasis of the body's core
temperature.
C
The principal means of increasing heat production in response to a cold environment is
A) vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.
B) wearing warm clothing.
C) shivering thermogenesis and increased voluntary activity.

,D) vasodilation of blood vessels in skin.
E) increasing food intake to elevate the metabolic rate.
C
The primary integrator of body temperature control reflexes is the
A) medullary cardiovascular center.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) thyroid gland.
D) hypothalamus.
E) adrenal medulla.
D
Acclimatization to a hot environment includes which of these physiological changes?
A) A decrease in the set point temperature regulated by the hypothalamus
B) Decreased volume and increased salt concentration of sweat glands
C) Decreased volume and salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
D) Increased volume and salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
E) Increased volume and decreased salt concentration of sweat from the sweat glands
E




What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?
A. signals from the integrating center to receptors
B. the route by which receptors send signals to effectors
C. signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center
D. the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors
E. the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs
e
Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?
A. Stimulus, effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor
B. Stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, effector

, C. Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
D. Stimulus, effector, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, receptor
E. Effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor, stimulus
c
Identify the effectors in this homeostatic reflex: Eating a salt-rich meal increases blood
volume and pressure, stretching blood vessel walls. Nerve signals sent to the brainstem
stimulate changes in hormonal and neural signaling. The heart rate is slowed, blood
vessel walls are relaxed, and the kidneys increase urinary salt. The blood pressure
returns toward normal.
A. brainstem and blood vessels
B. blood vessels, hormones and nerves
C. heart, kidneys and blood vessels
D. brainstem, blood vessels, and kidneys
E. hormones and nerves
c
The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells. Its secretion is
controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the
blood and the cells that secrete insulin. Which of the following statements is most likely
to be correct?
A. A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will
in turn lower the blood glucose concentration still further
B. An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will
in turn lower the blood glucose concentration
C. A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will
in turn increase the blood glucose concentration
D. An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will
in turn increase the blood glucose concentration still further
b
How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?
A. Endocrine glands can be receptors, and hormones can be effectors.
B. Endocrine glands can be integrators and hormones can be efferent pathways.
C. Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways and hormones can be effectors
D. Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms, but hormones can be afferent or