[NURS 676 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM] – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE | EXAM PREP | STUDY GUIDE | PRACTICE TEST
1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which adverse effect should the nurse
prioritize educating the patient about?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Persistent dry cough
C. Ototoxicity
D. Hypercalcemia
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Persistent dry cough
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors like lisinopril commonly cause a persistent dry cough due to increased
bradykinin levels. This is a well-known and clinically significant adverse effect. The other
options are not associated with lisinopril.
════════════════════
2. A nurse is administering insulin lispro to a diabetic patient. When should the nurse expect
peak action?
A. 1–2 hours
B. 4–6 hours
C. 6–10 hours
D. 12–18 hours
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. 1–2 hours
Rationale:
Insulin lispro is rapid-acting, with peak effect occurring within 1–2 hours. The other options
represent intermediate or long-acting insulin profiles.
════════════════════
3. Which medication class is first-line for managing chronic heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction?
,A. Calcium channel blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Anticholinergics
D. Antacids
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and morbidity in heart failure by decreasing afterload and
preventing cardiac remodeling. Other options do not provide mortality benefit.
════════════════════
4. A patient taking warfarin presents with an INR of 6.0. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer vitamin K
B. Increase warfarin dose
C. Encourage leafy greens
D. Continue current dose
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Administer vitamin K
Rationale:
An INR of 6.0 indicates a high bleeding risk; vitamin K is the antidote to reverse warfarin
effects. Other options increase risk of hemorrhage.
════════════════════
5. Which drug is most appropriate for acute anaphylaxis treatment?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Epinephrine
C. Albuterol
D. Prednisone
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Epinephrine
Rationale:
,Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its vasoconstrictive and
bronchodilatory effects. Antihistamines and steroids are adjuncts only.
════════════════════
6. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
════════════════════
Correct Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale:
Loop diuretics like furosemide cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Other
imbalances are less typical.
════════════════════
7. Which instruction should be given to a patient taking tetracycline?
A. Take with milk
B. Avoid sunlight exposure
C. Take with antacids
D. Lie down immediately after dosing
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Avoid sunlight exposure
Rationale:
Tetracyclines increase photosensitivity, so sun avoidance is essential. Dairy and antacids
reduce absorption.
════════════════════
8. A patient receiving morphine develops respiratory depression. What is the antidote?
A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
, C. Atropine
D. Vitamin K
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Naloxone
Rationale:
Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression. The other agents are used for
different toxicities.
════════════════════
9. Which medication requires monitoring of thyroid function tests during long-term use?
A. Amiodarone
B. Metformin
C. Losartan
D. Digoxin
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Amiodarone
Rationale:
Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Other medications do
not significantly affect thyroid function.
════════════════════
10. A patient taking metformin should be monitored for which serious adverse effect?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Liver failure
D. Hyperthyroidism
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Lactic acidosis
Rationale:
Metformin can rarely cause lactic acidosis, especially in renal impairment. The other
conditions are not typical risks.
════════════════════
VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE | EXAM PREP | STUDY GUIDE | PRACTICE TEST
1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which adverse effect should the nurse
prioritize educating the patient about?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Persistent dry cough
C. Ototoxicity
D. Hypercalcemia
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Persistent dry cough
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors like lisinopril commonly cause a persistent dry cough due to increased
bradykinin levels. This is a well-known and clinically significant adverse effect. The other
options are not associated with lisinopril.
════════════════════
2. A nurse is administering insulin lispro to a diabetic patient. When should the nurse expect
peak action?
A. 1–2 hours
B. 4–6 hours
C. 6–10 hours
D. 12–18 hours
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. 1–2 hours
Rationale:
Insulin lispro is rapid-acting, with peak effect occurring within 1–2 hours. The other options
represent intermediate or long-acting insulin profiles.
════════════════════
3. Which medication class is first-line for managing chronic heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction?
,A. Calcium channel blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Anticholinergics
D. Antacids
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and morbidity in heart failure by decreasing afterload and
preventing cardiac remodeling. Other options do not provide mortality benefit.
════════════════════
4. A patient taking warfarin presents with an INR of 6.0. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer vitamin K
B. Increase warfarin dose
C. Encourage leafy greens
D. Continue current dose
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Administer vitamin K
Rationale:
An INR of 6.0 indicates a high bleeding risk; vitamin K is the antidote to reverse warfarin
effects. Other options increase risk of hemorrhage.
════════════════════
5. Which drug is most appropriate for acute anaphylaxis treatment?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Epinephrine
C. Albuterol
D. Prednisone
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Epinephrine
Rationale:
,Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its vasoconstrictive and
bronchodilatory effects. Antihistamines and steroids are adjuncts only.
════════════════════
6. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
════════════════════
Correct Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale:
Loop diuretics like furosemide cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Other
imbalances are less typical.
════════════════════
7. Which instruction should be given to a patient taking tetracycline?
A. Take with milk
B. Avoid sunlight exposure
C. Take with antacids
D. Lie down immediately after dosing
════════════════════
Correct Answer: B. Avoid sunlight exposure
Rationale:
Tetracyclines increase photosensitivity, so sun avoidance is essential. Dairy and antacids
reduce absorption.
════════════════════
8. A patient receiving morphine develops respiratory depression. What is the antidote?
A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
, C. Atropine
D. Vitamin K
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Naloxone
Rationale:
Naloxone reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression. The other agents are used for
different toxicities.
════════════════════
9. Which medication requires monitoring of thyroid function tests during long-term use?
A. Amiodarone
B. Metformin
C. Losartan
D. Digoxin
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Amiodarone
Rationale:
Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Other medications do
not significantly affect thyroid function.
════════════════════
10. A patient taking metformin should be monitored for which serious adverse effect?
A. Lactic acidosis
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Liver failure
D. Hyperthyroidism
════════════════════
Correct Answer: A. Lactic acidosis
Rationale:
Metformin can rarely cause lactic acidosis, especially in renal impairment. The other
conditions are not typical risks.
════════════════════
