]101 ]- ]Anatomy ]and ]Physiology ]Exam ]2 ]Questions ]and ]Correct ]Answers ]

101 - Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 Q
] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]




uestions and Correct Answers 2025-
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2026

Functions ]of ]the ]Integumentary ]System ]- ]correct ]answer: ]-Resistance ]to ]trauma ]and ]infection

-Prevents ]loss ]or ]gain ]of ]water

-Vitamin ]D ]synthesis

-Sensory ]receptors ]for ]heat, ]cold, ]touch, ]texture, ]pressure, ]vibration, ]and ]tissue ]injury

-Thermoregulation



How ]does ]skin ]resist ]trauma ]and ]infection? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]-Skin ]has ]low ]pH ]to ]reduce ]bacteria
]and ]fungi



-Cells ]are ]packed ]closely ]together ]with ]tough ]protein ]called ]keratin



Name ]3 ]ways ]the ]integumentary ]system ]thermoregulates? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]-
Glands ]release ]sweat ]for ]evaporative ]cooling

- ]Vasoconstriction

- ]Vasodilation



Define: ]Vasoconstriction ]- ]correct ]answer: ]narrowing ]of ]blood ]vessels, ]reduces ]heat ]loss



Define: ]Vasodilation ]- ]correct ]answer: ]widening ]of ]blood ]vessels, ]increases ]heat ]loss



What ]are ]the ]2 ]main ]parts ]of ]the ]integumentary ]system? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Epidermis- ]outer ]laye
r

Dermis- ]underlying ]connective ]tissue

,*Hypodermis ]not ]really ]part ]of ]the ]skin!*



What ]does ]the ]epidermis ]primarily ]consist ]of? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]keratinized ]stratified ]squamous ]
epithelium



What ]are ]the ]epidermal ]derivatives? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]glands, ]hair, ]nails



What ]are ]the ]4 ]main ]cell ]types ]in ]the ]epidermis? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]- ]Karatinocytes

- ]Melanocytes

- ]Tactile ](Merkel) ]cells

- ]Dendritic ](Langerhans) ]cells



Keratinocytes ]
(functions) ]- ]correct ]answer: ]most ]numerous ]cell ]type, ]make ]fibrous ]protein ]keratin



Melanocytes ](functions) ]- ]correct ]answer: ]synthesize ]pigment ]called ]melanin



Tactile ]cells ]
(functions ]and ]2nd ]name) ]- ]correct ]answer: ]also ]called ]Merkel ]cells, ]receptors ]for ]the ]sense ]of ]to
uch, ]associated ]with ]a ]dermal ]nerve ]fiber



Dendritic ]cells ](functions ]and ]2nd ]name) ]- ]correct ]answer: ]macrophages ]
(big ]phagocytic ]cells) ]that ]kill ]microbes



What ]are ]the ]layers ]of ]the ]epidermis ](list ]from ]bottom ]up)? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]- ]Stratum ]basale

- ]Stratum ]spinosum

- ]Stratum ]granulosum

- ]Stratum ]lucidum

, - ]Stratum ]corneum



What ]layer ]of ]the ]epidermis ]is ]only ]found ]in ]thick ]skin? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Straum ]lucidum



How ]many ]layers ]are ]found ]in ]the ]stratum ]basale? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]1 ]layer



What ]cells ]are ]found ]in ]the ]stratum ]basale? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]stem ]cells, ]keratinocytes, ]melanoc
ytes, ]tactile ](merkel) ]cells



What ]is ]the ]importance ]of ]the ]stem ]cells ]in ]the ]stratum ]basale? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]makes ]it ]mitoti
cally ]active, ]the ]stem ]cells ]divide ]and ]give ]rise ]to ]keratinocytes



How ]many ]layers ]are ]in ]the ]stratum ]spinosum? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]8-10 ]layers



What ]is ]the ]appearance ]of ]the ]cells ]in ]the ]stratum ]spinosum, ]and ]why? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]The ]cel
ls ]are ]flattened, ]which ]happens ]as ]they ]are ]pushed ]upward



What ]is ]contained ]in ]the ]stratum ]spinosum? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Keratinocytes, ]dendridic ]
(langerhans) ]cells



In ]which ]epidermis ]layers ]do ]keratinocytes ]produce ]waterproofing ]substances? ]- ]correct ]answer:
]Stratum ]spinosum, ]stratum ]granulosum




What ]are ]the ]waterproofing ]substances ]produced ]by ]the ]keratinocytes? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]kerati
n, ]lipids



How ]many ]layers ]are ]in ]the ]stratum ]granulosum? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]3-5 ]layers