CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND ASSESSMENT
OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE CERTIFICATION
ASSESSMENT 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Describe the use of closed or direct questions and provide
examples.
Answer: Closed questions limit responses to yes/no or specific
options, e.g., 'Do you have a cough?'
◉ Describe the five interview responses focused on the patient's
perspective.
Answer: Empathic responses, clarification, reflection,
summarization, and validation.
◉ Describe the four interview responses that incorporate the
interviewer's perspective.
Answer: Interpretation, confrontation, reassurance, and advice.
◉ List ten types of nonproductive verbal messages.
Answer: Judgmental comments, excessive questioning,
interruptions, changing the subject, false reassurance, patronizing
,language, leading questions, advising prematurely, minimizing the
patient's feelings, and vague responses.
◉ List seven nonverbal techniques of communication.
Answer: Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, gestures, proximity,
touch, and silence.
◉ What statements or questions would be appropriate when closing
the patient interview?
Answer: Summarizing key points, asking if the patient has any
questions, and thanking them for their time.
◉ What is the vascular response to increases and decreases in body
temperature?
Answer: Vasodilation occurs with increased temperature, and
vasoconstriction occurs with decreased temperature.
◉ Describe the four different types of fever.
Answer: Intermittent, remittent, sustained, and relapsing.
◉ When is induced hypothermia indicated?
Answer: In certain surgical procedures or to protect the brain during
cardiac arrest.
, ◉ Define bradycardia and tachycardia.
Answer: Bradycardia: a slow heart rate (below 60 bpm);
Tachycardia: a fast heart rate (above 100 bpm).
◉ What device may assist in detecting a peripheral pulse difficult to
detect by palpation?
Answer: Doppler ultrasound.
◉ List patient conditions that may cause tachypnea.
Answer: Anxiety, fever, respiratory distress, and metabolic acidosis.
◉ List three patient conditions that may cause bradypnea.
Answer: Sleep apnea, drug overdose, and increased intracranial
pressure.
◉ Describe ten breathing patterns based on the descriptions in
Table 2.4.
Answer: Normal, tachypnea, bradypnea, hyperpnea, hypopnea,
Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul, Biot's, apneustic, and ataxic.
◉ Describe the diagnosis values for hypertension.
Answer: Systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg.
OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE CERTIFICATION
ASSESSMENT 2026 VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Describe the use of closed or direct questions and provide
examples.
Answer: Closed questions limit responses to yes/no or specific
options, e.g., 'Do you have a cough?'
◉ Describe the five interview responses focused on the patient's
perspective.
Answer: Empathic responses, clarification, reflection,
summarization, and validation.
◉ Describe the four interview responses that incorporate the
interviewer's perspective.
Answer: Interpretation, confrontation, reassurance, and advice.
◉ List ten types of nonproductive verbal messages.
Answer: Judgmental comments, excessive questioning,
interruptions, changing the subject, false reassurance, patronizing
,language, leading questions, advising prematurely, minimizing the
patient's feelings, and vague responses.
◉ List seven nonverbal techniques of communication.
Answer: Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, gestures, proximity,
touch, and silence.
◉ What statements or questions would be appropriate when closing
the patient interview?
Answer: Summarizing key points, asking if the patient has any
questions, and thanking them for their time.
◉ What is the vascular response to increases and decreases in body
temperature?
Answer: Vasodilation occurs with increased temperature, and
vasoconstriction occurs with decreased temperature.
◉ Describe the four different types of fever.
Answer: Intermittent, remittent, sustained, and relapsing.
◉ When is induced hypothermia indicated?
Answer: In certain surgical procedures or to protect the brain during
cardiac arrest.
, ◉ Define bradycardia and tachycardia.
Answer: Bradycardia: a slow heart rate (below 60 bpm);
Tachycardia: a fast heart rate (above 100 bpm).
◉ What device may assist in detecting a peripheral pulse difficult to
detect by palpation?
Answer: Doppler ultrasound.
◉ List patient conditions that may cause tachypnea.
Answer: Anxiety, fever, respiratory distress, and metabolic acidosis.
◉ List three patient conditions that may cause bradypnea.
Answer: Sleep apnea, drug overdose, and increased intracranial
pressure.
◉ Describe ten breathing patterns based on the descriptions in
Table 2.4.
Answer: Normal, tachypnea, bradypnea, hyperpnea, hypopnea,
Cheyne-Stokes, Kussmaul, Biot's, apneustic, and ataxic.
◉ Describe the diagnosis values for hypertension.
Answer: Systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg.
