AP Chemistry Exam Review
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-States that it is impossible to know both
the momentum of an electron at a particular instant.
Atomic Radius Trends - CORRECT ANSWER-Atomic radius decreases across a period
Atomic radius increases down a group
Cations are smaller than their atoms
Ions are larger than their atoms
Ionization energy - CORRECT ANSWER-The energy required to remove an electron from an
atom.
Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to how strongly the nucleus of an atom attracts
the electrons of other atoms in a bond.
,Periodic Trends - CORRECT ANSWER-Across the periods
- atomic radius decreases
- ionization energy increases
- electronegativity increases
Down the periods
- atomic radius increases
- ionization energy decreases
- electronegativity decreases
Ionic Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-An ionic solid is held together by the electrostatic attractions
between ions that are next to one another in a lattice structure.
Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal; electrons are not shared, they are given up by one
atom and accepted by another.
Substances with ionic bonds are usually solids at room temperature and have very high melting
and boiling points.
Ex. NaCl
Factors Affecting Melting Points of Ionic Substances - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Charge on ions - a
greater charge leads to a greater bond energy
Ex. MgO will have a higher melting point than NaCl
2. Size of ions - smaller ions will have greater attraction
,Ex. LiF will have a greater melting KBr
Interstitial alloys - CORRECT ANSWER-Metal atoms with two different radii combine
Ex. In steel, much smaller carbon atoms occupy the interstices of the iron atoms
Substitutional alloy - CORRECT ANSWER-Forms between atoms of similar radii
Ex. Atoms of zinc are substituted with copper atoms to create an alloy
Covalent bonding - CORRECT ANSWER-Bonding in which two atoms share electrons. Each atom
counts the shared electrons as part of its valence shell to achieve complete outer shells.
The first covalent bond formed between two atoms is called a sigma bond.
Single bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma
Bond order: One
Bond length: Longest
Bond energy: Least
Double Bond - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma and one pi
, Bond order: Two
Bond length: Intermediate
Bond energy: Intermediate
Triple Bond - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma and two pi
Bond order: Three
Bond length: Shortest
Bond energy: Greatest
Network (Covalent) Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-In a network solid, atoms are held together in a
lattice of covalent bonds.
They are very hard and have very high melting and boiling points.
Ex. The most commonly seen network solids are compounds of carbon (such as diamond or
graphite) and silicon (SiO₂ quartz)
Hydrogen Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-Much stronger than dipole-dipole forces.
Substances that have hydrogen bonds have higher melting and boiling points. Ex. water, H₂O
and ammonia, NH₃
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - CORRECT ANSWER-States that it is impossible to know both
the momentum of an electron at a particular instant.
Atomic Radius Trends - CORRECT ANSWER-Atomic radius decreases across a period
Atomic radius increases down a group
Cations are smaller than their atoms
Ions are larger than their atoms
Ionization energy - CORRECT ANSWER-The energy required to remove an electron from an
atom.
Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to how strongly the nucleus of an atom attracts
the electrons of other atoms in a bond.
,Periodic Trends - CORRECT ANSWER-Across the periods
- atomic radius decreases
- ionization energy increases
- electronegativity increases
Down the periods
- atomic radius increases
- ionization energy decreases
- electronegativity decreases
Ionic Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-An ionic solid is held together by the electrostatic attractions
between ions that are next to one another in a lattice structure.
Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal; electrons are not shared, they are given up by one
atom and accepted by another.
Substances with ionic bonds are usually solids at room temperature and have very high melting
and boiling points.
Ex. NaCl
Factors Affecting Melting Points of Ionic Substances - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Charge on ions - a
greater charge leads to a greater bond energy
Ex. MgO will have a higher melting point than NaCl
2. Size of ions - smaller ions will have greater attraction
,Ex. LiF will have a greater melting KBr
Interstitial alloys - CORRECT ANSWER-Metal atoms with two different radii combine
Ex. In steel, much smaller carbon atoms occupy the interstices of the iron atoms
Substitutional alloy - CORRECT ANSWER-Forms between atoms of similar radii
Ex. Atoms of zinc are substituted with copper atoms to create an alloy
Covalent bonding - CORRECT ANSWER-Bonding in which two atoms share electrons. Each atom
counts the shared electrons as part of its valence shell to achieve complete outer shells.
The first covalent bond formed between two atoms is called a sigma bond.
Single bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma
Bond order: One
Bond length: Longest
Bond energy: Least
Double Bond - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma and one pi
, Bond order: Two
Bond length: Intermediate
Bond energy: Intermediate
Triple Bond - CORRECT ANSWER-Bond designation: One sigma and two pi
Bond order: Three
Bond length: Shortest
Bond energy: Greatest
Network (Covalent) Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-In a network solid, atoms are held together in a
lattice of covalent bonds.
They are very hard and have very high melting and boiling points.
Ex. The most commonly seen network solids are compounds of carbon (such as diamond or
graphite) and silicon (SiO₂ quartz)
Hydrogen Bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-Much stronger than dipole-dipole forces.
Substances that have hydrogen bonds have higher melting and boiling points. Ex. water, H₂O
and ammonia, NH₃
