PEDIATRICS & CARDIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FINAL EXAMINATION
1. A newborn is diagnosed with a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails
to close after birth. The murmur is described as a continuous "machine-like"
murmur. What is the diagnosis, and what is the treatment?
A) Ventricular Septal Defect, treat with Digoxin
B) Atrial Septal Defect, treat with Indomethacin
C) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), treat with Indomethacin
D) Coarctation of the Aorta, treat with Prostaglandin E1
Answer: C
2. A 2-month-old infant has a loud, harsh systolic murmur at the left lower
sternal border, grunting while feeding, and failure to thrive. The murmur was
not heard at birth. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Atrial Septal Defect
B) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Tricuspid Atresia
Answer: B
3. A child is found to have a soft, blowing systolic murmur with a fixed
split S2. This is an acyanotic defect where the foramen ovale failed to close.
What is the diagnosis?
A) Ventricular Septal Defect
B) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
C) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
D) Pulmonic Stenosis
Answer: C
4. A 6-year-old has significantly higher blood pressure and bounding pulses
in the arms compared to the legs, which have weak pulses and are cool to the
touch. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot
B) Transposition of Great Vessels
C) Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)
, D) Tricuspid Atresia
Answer: C
5. A 3-month-old infant with known Tetralogy of Fallot suddenly becomes deeply
cyanotic and irritable during a crying episode. The nurse places the infant in
the knee-to-chest position. What is this acute episode called, and what other
interventions are appropriate?
A) Tet Spell, give Digoxin and Lasix
B) Tet Spell, give Morphine or Propranolol and Oxygen
C) Heart Failure, give Lasix and restrict fluids
D) Hypercyanotic crisis, give Indomethacin
Answer: B
6. A newborn is severely cyanotic immediately after birth. An echocardiogram
reveals that the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
arises from the left ventricle. What is the diagnosis and treatment?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot, administer Indomethacin
B) Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV), administer Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
C) Tricuspid Atresia, administer Digoxin
D) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, administer Lasix
Answer: B
7. A neonate is cyanotic and has a chest x-ray showing a "boot-shaped" heart.
The defect includes four components: VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta,
and right ventricular hypertrophy. What is the diagnosis?
A) Tricuspid Atresia
B) Transposition of Great Vessels
C) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
D) Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Answer: C
8. A newborn is diagnosed with a missing tricuspid valve, leading to decreased
pulmonary blood flow and severe cyanosis. What is the diagnosis?
A) Tricuspid Atresia
B) Ebstein Anomaly
C) Pulmonary Atresia
D) Atrial Septal Defect
Answer: A
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FINAL EXAMINATION
1. A newborn is diagnosed with a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails
to close after birth. The murmur is described as a continuous "machine-like"
murmur. What is the diagnosis, and what is the treatment?
A) Ventricular Septal Defect, treat with Digoxin
B) Atrial Septal Defect, treat with Indomethacin
C) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), treat with Indomethacin
D) Coarctation of the Aorta, treat with Prostaglandin E1
Answer: C
2. A 2-month-old infant has a loud, harsh systolic murmur at the left lower
sternal border, grunting while feeding, and failure to thrive. The murmur was
not heard at birth. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Atrial Septal Defect
B) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Tricuspid Atresia
Answer: B
3. A child is found to have a soft, blowing systolic murmur with a fixed
split S2. This is an acyanotic defect where the foramen ovale failed to close.
What is the diagnosis?
A) Ventricular Septal Defect
B) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
C) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
D) Pulmonic Stenosis
Answer: C
4. A 6-year-old has significantly higher blood pressure and bounding pulses
in the arms compared to the legs, which have weak pulses and are cool to the
touch. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot
B) Transposition of Great Vessels
C) Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)
, D) Tricuspid Atresia
Answer: C
5. A 3-month-old infant with known Tetralogy of Fallot suddenly becomes deeply
cyanotic and irritable during a crying episode. The nurse places the infant in
the knee-to-chest position. What is this acute episode called, and what other
interventions are appropriate?
A) Tet Spell, give Digoxin and Lasix
B) Tet Spell, give Morphine or Propranolol and Oxygen
C) Heart Failure, give Lasix and restrict fluids
D) Hypercyanotic crisis, give Indomethacin
Answer: B
6. A newborn is severely cyanotic immediately after birth. An echocardiogram
reveals that the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
arises from the left ventricle. What is the diagnosis and treatment?
A) Tetralogy of Fallot, administer Indomethacin
B) Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV), administer Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
C) Tricuspid Atresia, administer Digoxin
D) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, administer Lasix
Answer: B
7. A neonate is cyanotic and has a chest x-ray showing a "boot-shaped" heart.
The defect includes four components: VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta,
and right ventricular hypertrophy. What is the diagnosis?
A) Tricuspid Atresia
B) Transposition of Great Vessels
C) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
D) Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Answer: C
8. A newborn is diagnosed with a missing tricuspid valve, leading to decreased
pulmonary blood flow and severe cyanosis. What is the diagnosis?
A) Tricuspid Atresia
B) Ebstein Anomaly
C) Pulmonary Atresia
D) Atrial Septal Defect
Answer: A
