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EDITION BY PATRICKS. CHAPTER
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1-54COMPLETEGUIDE
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TEST BANK WITH RATIONALE ANSWERS
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[Author name]
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T 5/1/23 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology Test
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Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE T L
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic
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examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
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complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been
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prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
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a. a sore throat. L
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b. streptococcal infection. L
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c. genetic susceptibility. T L
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B T L
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the manifestation of the disease
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process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation ofthe throat and is
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also a clinical manifestation of the disease process.
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REF: Pg. 2 T L T L
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. T L
b. secondary prevention. L
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c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: A T L
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individualsby providing
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vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary preventionincludes
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rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
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management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Pg. 9 T L T L
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. T L
b. secondary prevention. L
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c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: B T L
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as prescribing diet and exercise for an
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individual who has already developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility orreducing
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exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
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disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Pgs. 9-10 T L L
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. T L
b. secondary prevention. L
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c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: B T L
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for
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high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
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individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
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functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Pgs. 9-10 T L L
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5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. T L
b. secondary prevention. L
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c. tertiary prevention. L
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d. disease treatment. L
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ANS: C T L
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such
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as prescribing a cholesterol lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
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susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
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management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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REF: Pgs. 9-10 T L L
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, 6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is
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a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B T L
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. In
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Tinfectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and
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Tsymptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are
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Tassociated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease.
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TConvalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation. T L T L T L L
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REF: Pg. 3 T L L
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7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B T L
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to many individuals at the same
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time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
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REF: Pg. 6 T L L
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8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. L
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d. is unknown. T L
ANS: B T L
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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REF: Pg. 5 T L L
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as
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a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B T L
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is called the subclinical
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stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a
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latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to the appearance
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of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or
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surgical operation.
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REF: Pg. 3 T L L
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MULTIPLE RESPONSE T L
10. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that apply.)
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a. gender difference. L
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b. situational factors. L
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c. normal variation. T L
d. cultural variation. L
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e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E T L L
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Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cell count. Culture affects how
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manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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REF: Pgs. 5-6 T L T L
11. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development due to (Select all that apply.) T L T L L
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a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. L
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c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E T L T L L
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Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (occupational) and overcrowding, L
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nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.
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REF: Pgs. 7-8 T L T L
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, COMPLETION
12. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be
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ANS:
idiopathic
Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
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REF: Pg. 2 T L L
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13. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in
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TL the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed
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.
ANS:
sensitivity
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the condition and will
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Tnot provide a false negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who
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does not have a given condition.
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REF: Pg. 5 T L L
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