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1. A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates
ventilations using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of
which condition during the provision of care would lead the team to suspect
that improper BVM technique is being used?
Hypertension
Esophageal injury
Pneumothorax
Rib fracture
Answer√√ Pneumothorax
Complications can occur with the use of a BVM resuscitator due to improper technique. Delivering excessive volume
or ventilating too fast creates excessive pressure that can damage the airways, lungs and other organs. Excessive
volume can lead to tension pneumothorax.
2. A person suddenly collapses while sitting in the sunroom of a healthcare
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facility. A healthcare provider observes the event and hurries over to assess
the situation. The healthcare provider performs which assessment first?
Rapid assessment
Basic life support assessment
Secondary assessment
Primary assessment
Answer√√ Rapid assessment
A systematic approach to assessment is necessary. The healthcare provider should first perform a rapid assessment. A
rapid assessment is a visual survey to ensure safety, form an initial impression about the patient's condition (including
looking for life-threatening bleeding), and determine the need for additional resources. This would be followed by
a primary assessment and then a secondary assessment.
3. A patient is receiving ventilation support via bag-valve-mask (BVM) resus-
citator. Capnography is established and a blood gas is obtained to evaluate
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the adequacy of the ventilations. Which arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) value
signifies adequate ventilations?
10 to 15 mmHg
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20 to 25 mmHg
25 to 30 mmHg
35 to 45 mmHg
Answer√√ 35 to 45 mmHg
Arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) values in the range of 35 to 45 mmHg confirm adequacy of ventilation.
4. A resuscitation team is debriefing following a recent event. A patient expe-
rienced cardiac arrest, and advanced life support was initiated. The patient
required the placement of an advanced airway to maintain airway patency.
Which statement indicates that the team performed high-quality CPR?
"We initiated chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 110 per minute to a depth
of 2.4 inches and then gave 1 ventilation every 10 seconds."
"We provided chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per