Basic info: Aortic Valve - ANSWER Located on left side between LV and AO.
Has 3 cusps (Right Coronary Cusp, Left Coronary Cusp, and non-coronary Cusp)
Normal AOV Orifice > 2.0 cm2
Normal AOV velocity = 1.0-1.7 m/s
Basic info: Mitral Valve - ANSWER Located on left side between LA and LV
Anchored via multiple chordae tendineae.
Has 2 leaflets: Anterior MV Leaflet and Posterior MV Leaflet.
Normal MV orifice = 4-6cm2
Normal MV velocity = 0.6-1.3m/s
Basic info: Tricuspid Valve - ANSWER Located on the right side between the RA and RV.
Has 3 leaflets: Anterior, Posterior and Medial/Septal.
Compared to MV, TV is larger with thinner leaflets.
Normal TV orifice = 7-9cm2
Normal TV velocity = 0.3-0.7m/s
Basic info: Pulmonic Valve - ANSWER Located on right side between RV and Pulmonary
Artery.
Has 3 cusps: Anterior, Right Posterior and Left Posterior.
Compared to AV, PV cusps are slightly thinner
Normal PV orifice > 2.0cm2
Normal PV velocity = 0.6-0.9m/s
1
,Basic info: RA - ANSWER Acts as a reservoir for systemic venous return from the SVC, IVC
and Coronary sinus.
RA fills more during inspiration.
Normal RA O2 sat = 75%
Basic info: RV - ANSWER Most anterior chamber of the heart and lies directly beneath
sternum.
RV walls are thinner and chamber is smaller compared to LV.
Contains an inflow and outflow tract
Normal RV O2 sat = 75%
Basic info: LA - ANSWER Most posterior chamber, receives pulmonary venous return.
LA walls are slightly thicker than RA walls due to slightly higher pressure.
Filling varies with respiration.
Normal LA O2 sat = 98%
Basic info: LV - ANSWER Thickest walls in the heart and largest of the four chambers.
Contains an inflow and outflow tract
Normal LV O2 sat = 98%
4 segments of AO - ANSWER Ascending AO
Aortic Arch
Descending Thoracic AO
Descending Abdominal AO
SVC - ANSWER Receives venous blood from upper half of the body and drains into the
superior portion of the RA
2
, IVC - ANSWER Receives venous blood from the veins below the diaphragm and drains in
the lower, posterior portion of RA
Pulmonary Artery - ANSWER Receives blood from RV through the PV
Branches into RPA and LPA
LPA and RPA - ANSWER Divide into arteries and arterioles that carry the deoxygenated
blood to the pulmonary capillary bed where CO2 is exchanged for oxygen
Pulmonary veins (4) - ANSWER Delivers oxygenated blood back to LA
Left upper PV, Left Lower PV, Right Upper PV and Right Lower PV
Order of Flow - ANSWER SVC
IVC
RA
TV
RV
PV
PA
RPA
LPA
PV4
LA
MV
LV
AOV
AO
3
Has 3 cusps (Right Coronary Cusp, Left Coronary Cusp, and non-coronary Cusp)
Normal AOV Orifice > 2.0 cm2
Normal AOV velocity = 1.0-1.7 m/s
Basic info: Mitral Valve - ANSWER Located on left side between LA and LV
Anchored via multiple chordae tendineae.
Has 2 leaflets: Anterior MV Leaflet and Posterior MV Leaflet.
Normal MV orifice = 4-6cm2
Normal MV velocity = 0.6-1.3m/s
Basic info: Tricuspid Valve - ANSWER Located on the right side between the RA and RV.
Has 3 leaflets: Anterior, Posterior and Medial/Septal.
Compared to MV, TV is larger with thinner leaflets.
Normal TV orifice = 7-9cm2
Normal TV velocity = 0.3-0.7m/s
Basic info: Pulmonic Valve - ANSWER Located on right side between RV and Pulmonary
Artery.
Has 3 cusps: Anterior, Right Posterior and Left Posterior.
Compared to AV, PV cusps are slightly thinner
Normal PV orifice > 2.0cm2
Normal PV velocity = 0.6-0.9m/s
1
,Basic info: RA - ANSWER Acts as a reservoir for systemic venous return from the SVC, IVC
and Coronary sinus.
RA fills more during inspiration.
Normal RA O2 sat = 75%
Basic info: RV - ANSWER Most anterior chamber of the heart and lies directly beneath
sternum.
RV walls are thinner and chamber is smaller compared to LV.
Contains an inflow and outflow tract
Normal RV O2 sat = 75%
Basic info: LA - ANSWER Most posterior chamber, receives pulmonary venous return.
LA walls are slightly thicker than RA walls due to slightly higher pressure.
Filling varies with respiration.
Normal LA O2 sat = 98%
Basic info: LV - ANSWER Thickest walls in the heart and largest of the four chambers.
Contains an inflow and outflow tract
Normal LV O2 sat = 98%
4 segments of AO - ANSWER Ascending AO
Aortic Arch
Descending Thoracic AO
Descending Abdominal AO
SVC - ANSWER Receives venous blood from upper half of the body and drains into the
superior portion of the RA
2
, IVC - ANSWER Receives venous blood from the veins below the diaphragm and drains in
the lower, posterior portion of RA
Pulmonary Artery - ANSWER Receives blood from RV through the PV
Branches into RPA and LPA
LPA and RPA - ANSWER Divide into arteries and arterioles that carry the deoxygenated
blood to the pulmonary capillary bed where CO2 is exchanged for oxygen
Pulmonary veins (4) - ANSWER Delivers oxygenated blood back to LA
Left upper PV, Left Lower PV, Right Upper PV and Right Lower PV
Order of Flow - ANSWER SVC
IVC
RA
TV
RV
PV
PA
RPA
LPA
PV4
LA
MV
LV
AOV
AO
3
