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Emergency Care, 14e (Limmer/O'Keefe/Dickinson) Chapter
1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services
1) Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the
effectiveness of an EMS system?
A) Quality improvement
B) System effectiveness management
C) Process Improvement Plan (PIP)
D) Total quality system
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. Quality improvement (QI) consists of continuous self-review with
the purpose of identifying aspects of the EMS system that require improvement, with subsequent
action plans to make necessary changes.
B) INCORRECT. System effectiveness management does not refer to a program of evaluating
and improving an EMS system.
C) INCORRECT. A program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an
EMS system is not referred to as a Process Improvement Program.
D) INCORRECT. The term "total quality system" does not refer to a program for improving the
effectiveness of EMS systems.
Page Ref: 13
Objective: 1.2
2) Which of the following groups is credited with developing the earliest documented emergency
medical service?
A) The Spanish
B) The Egyptians
C) The Mayans
D) The French
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The Spanish did not develop the first documented emergency
medical service; the French did in the 1700s.
B) INCORRECT. Although known for progress in technical areas, the Egyptians were not
responsible for the first documented emergency medical service. In 1790, the French first began
transporting wounded soldiers away from battlefields and to waiting medical care.
C) INCORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in France in 1790,
nearly a thousand years after the Mayan civilization disappeared.
D) CORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in 1790 when the
French began transporting wounded soldiers from the scenes of battle to waiting physicians.
Page Ref: 3
Objective: 1.1
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3) In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the
development of emergency medical service standards?
A) U.S. Department of Transportation
B) U.S. Department of the Interior
C) U.S. Department of Health Services
D) U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged the United
States Department of Transportation (DOT) with developing EMS standards and assisting the
states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.
B) INCORRECT. The U.S. Department of the Interior is charged with the management and
conservation of federal land and the country's natural resources. The Department of
Transportation was charged with developing EMS standards.
C) INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with
protecting the health of all Americans, the United States Department of Transportation was
assigned the task of developing emergency medical service standards.
D) INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is tasked with protecting the
nation from threats, it was established in 2002 and did not exist in 1966. It was the U.S.
Department of Transportation that was charged with developing EMS standards.
Page Ref: 4
Objective: 1.1
4) Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most refers to
which of the following?
A) Emergency preparedness plan
B) Trauma system
C) Resource management
D) Central deployment
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Emergency preparedness plans are usually developed to guide
the actions of a specific group of people at the outset of an emergency, with the goal of
protecting people and/or property. They generally will not address the specifics of medical care
or transport.
B) INCORRECT. A trauma system is an organized, coordinated effort between facilities and
responders within a defined geographic area to deliver a full range of care to injured patients. It
does not address the coordination of basic (non-trauma) emergency care or transportation.
C) CORRECT. Resource management refers to the centralized coordination of an emergency
response so that all victims have equal access to basic emergency care and are transported by
certified personnel, in a licensed and equipped ambulance, to an appropriate facility.
D) INCORRECT. The centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and
care within an EMS system is not referred to as central deployment.
Page Ref: 4
Objective: 1.1
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Emergency Care, 14e (Limmer/O'Keefe/Dickinson) Chapter
1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services
1) Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the
effectiveness of an EMS system?
A) Quality improvement
B) System effectiveness management
C) Process Improvement Plan (PIP)
D) Total quality system
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. Quality improvement (QI) consists of continuous self-review with
the purpose of identifying aspects of the EMS system that require improvement, with subsequent
action plans to make necessary changes.
B) INCORRECT. System effectiveness management does not refer to a program of evaluating
and improving an EMS system.
C) INCORRECT. A program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an
EMS system is not referred to as a Process Improvement Program.
D) INCORRECT. The term "total quality system" does not refer to a program for improving the
effectiveness of EMS systems.
Page Ref: 13
Objective: 1.2
2) Which of the following groups is credited with developing the earliest documented emergency
medical service?
A) The Spanish
B) The Egyptians
C) The Mayans
D) The French
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The Spanish did not develop the first documented emergency
medical service; the French did in the 1700s.
B) INCORRECT. Although known for progress in technical areas, the Egyptians were not
responsible for the first documented emergency medical service. In 1790, the French first began
transporting wounded soldiers away from battlefields and to waiting medical care.
C) INCORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in France in 1790,
nearly a thousand years after the Mayan civilization disappeared.
D) CORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in 1790 when the
French began transporting wounded soldiers from the scenes of battle to waiting physicians.
Page Ref: 3
Objective: 1.1
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3) In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the
development of emergency medical service standards?
A) U.S. Department of Transportation
B) U.S. Department of the Interior
C) U.S. Department of Health Services
D) U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A) CORRECT. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged the United
States Department of Transportation (DOT) with developing EMS standards and assisting the
states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.
B) INCORRECT. The U.S. Department of the Interior is charged with the management and
conservation of federal land and the country's natural resources. The Department of
Transportation was charged with developing EMS standards.
C) INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with
protecting the health of all Americans, the United States Department of Transportation was
assigned the task of developing emergency medical service standards.
D) INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is tasked with protecting the
nation from threats, it was established in 2002 and did not exist in 1966. It was the U.S.
Department of Transportation that was charged with developing EMS standards.
Page Ref: 4
Objective: 1.1
4) Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most refers to
which of the following?
A) Emergency preparedness plan
B) Trauma system
C) Resource management
D) Central deployment
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Emergency preparedness plans are usually developed to guide
the actions of a specific group of people at the outset of an emergency, with the goal of
protecting people and/or property. They generally will not address the specifics of medical care
or transport.
B) INCORRECT. A trauma system is an organized, coordinated effort between facilities and
responders within a defined geographic area to deliver a full range of care to injured patients. It
does not address the coordination of basic (non-trauma) emergency care or transportation.
C) CORRECT. Resource management refers to the centralized coordination of an emergency
response so that all victims have equal access to basic emergency care and are transported by
certified personnel, in a licensed and equipped ambulance, to an appropriate facility.
D) INCORRECT. The centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and
care within an EMS system is not referred to as central deployment.
Page Ref: 4
Objective: 1.1
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