NSG 318 Pharmacology GSU Exam with Questions and Verified Answers

NSG 318 Pharmacology GSU Exam with Questions and Verified Answers A patient receives an IV medication that produces immediate therapeutic effects, whereas the same drug given orally has a delayed onset. Which pharmacokinetic principle best explains this difference? a. First-pass metabolism b. Bioavailability c. Protein binding d. Renal clearance Correct Answer: b. Bioavailability Rationale: Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation in an active form. IV administration has 100% bioavailability, while oral drugs undergo absorption barriers and partial first-pass metabolism, delaying onset and reducing available drug concentration. A nurse is teaching about drug-receptor interactions. Which statement best reflects the concept of a partial agonist? a. It blocks receptors without activating them b. It produces full receptor activation at low doses c. It activates receptors but produces a submaximal response d. It irreversibly binds and deactivates receptors Correct Answer: c. It activates receptors but produces a submaximal response Rationale: Partial agonists bind to receptors and activate them but elicit a weaker response compared to full agonists, even when occupying all available receptors.