Periode 1 - 2025 Inleiding
sociologie
Hoorcollege en
literatuursamenvatting
Voorderhake, E. (Eline)
RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT
,Inhoudsopgave
COLLEGE 1 – HOORCOLLEGE KENNISMAKING MET SOCIOLOGIE EN UITLEG CURSUS ......................... 7
LEERDOELEN ......................................................................................................................................... 7
COLLEGE 2 – ZELFSTUDIE.................................................................................................................. 8
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE-INTRO ......................................................................................................................... 8
CLIP – SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF............................................................................................................ 8
Sociale contexten ........................................................................................................................... 8
Relatie tussen sociologisch en individueel perspectief...................................................................... 8
CLIP – SOCIALE PROBLEMEN EN DOELEN VAN DE SOCIOLOGIE ............................................................................ 9
Sociale problemen ......................................................................................................................... 9
Sociale problemen ≠ sociale verschijnselen ..................................................................................... 9
Doelen van de sociologie ................................................................................................................ 9
LITERATUUR – H1 VRAGEN ........................................................................................................................ 9
Opbouw van het boek ..................................................................................................................... 9
Afkortingen....................................................................................................................................10
1.1 Het sociologische perspectief ...................................................................................................10
1.2 Sociale problemen ...................................................................................................................11
1.3 Drie doelen van sociologie ........................................................................................................12
1.4 Drie soorten sociologische vragen .............................................................................................12
1.5 De kunst van het vragen van goede sociologische vragen ...........................................................12
1.6 Sociologie en common sense ...................................................................................................13
1.7 Sociologie als cumulatieve wetenschap ....................................................................................13
COLLEGE 2 – HOORCOLLEGE SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF EN VRAGEN ......................................... 14
SOCIALE PROBLEMEN .............................................................................................................................14
SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF ...................................................................................................................14
HOE STEL JE EEN GOEDE VRAAG? ...............................................................................................................14
COLLEGE 3 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 15
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE-INTRO ........................................................................................................................15
CLIP – THEORIE .....................................................................................................................................15
Wat is theorie? ..............................................................................................................................15
Structuur van de verklaring .............................................................................................................15
Wat is een goede theorie? Evaluatiecriteria voor de bruikbaarheid van theorieën ...............................15
CLIP – HET WEERGEVEN VAN THEORIE; CONCEPTUEEL SCHEMA .........................................................................16
Manieren om een theorie weer te geven ..........................................................................................16
Conceptueel schema ....................................................................................................................16
LITERATUUR – H2 THEORIEËN ...................................................................................................................17
2.1 Geboortemaand en sportprestaties...........................................................................................17
2.2 Theorieën en verklaringen .........................................................................................................17
2.3 Wat zijn bruikbare sociologische theorieën ................................................................................18
2.4 Durkheim’s theorie van zelfdoding ............................................................................................19
2.5 Concepten ..............................................................................................................................20
2.6 Causality – oorzakelijke verbanden in sociologisch onderzoek ....................................................22
2.7 Conceptual Models ..................................................................................................................23
2.8 Formal Models .........................................................................................................................24
LITERATUUR – H3 METHODEN...................................................................................................................25
3.1 Is your smartphone making you stupid? .....................................................................................25
3.2 Measurement Quality (Meetkwaliteit) ........................................................................................26
3.3 – External Validity .....................................................................................................................27
3.4 – Internal Validity ......................................................................................................................28
3.5 Exploratory Research ...............................................................................................................29
3.6 Qualitative and Quantitative Methods ........................................................................................29
3.7 Case Study Research ...............................................................................................................30
3.8 Administrative Research ...........................................................................................................31
3.9 Survey Research ......................................................................................................................31
3.10 Big Data Research ..................................................................................................................32
1
, 3.11 Experimental Research ...........................................................................................................32
3.12 Replication ............................................................................................................................33
COLLEGE 3 – HOORCOLLEGE THEORIE EN METHODEN .................................................................... 34
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT 1: CONCEPTUEEL SCHEMA DESTILLEREN UIT ARTIKEL .....................................................34
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT 2: BRUIKBAARHEID VAN THEORIEËN ..........................................................................34
COLLEGE 4 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 35
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................35
CLIP – DURKHEIMS INTEGRATIETHEORIE IN SYLLOGISME ...................................................................................35
.....................................................................................................................................................35
Structuur van de verklaring en voorspelling .....................................................................................35
Uitbereiding van groeperingen – tweede verklaring...........................................................................35
Uitbereiding van groeperingen – tweede voorspelling .......................................................................36
Generalisering van twee proposities ...............................................................................................36
Durkheims integratiehypothese ......................................................................................................36
Concretiseren van Durkheims integratiehypothese ..........................................................................37
Boodschap ...................................................................................................................................37
LITERATUUR – H5 COHESIE EN ZELFDODING – ARTS EN FLAP ............................................................................37
COLLEGE 4 – HOORCOLLEGE TOEPASSING SYLLOGISME EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE DURKHEIM ..... 38
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT: SYLLOGISME ......................................................................................................38
WAT IS COHESIE? ..................................................................................................................................38
Het cohesieprobleem in de sociologie ............................................................................................38
STRUCTUREEL FUNCTIONALISME ................................................................................................................39
Theoretische traditie ......................................................................................................................39
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) ..........................................................................................................39
SOCIALISATIE EN INTERNALISATIE-PROPOSITIE VAN PARSONS ............................................................................39
COLLEGE 5 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 40
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................40
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................40
CLIP – ONTWIKKELINGSGANG IN HET HISTORISCH MATERIALISME........................................................................40
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) en Karl Marx (1818-1883) en het Historisch materialisme......................40
Cumulatie bezien middels “kale kern” en diens invullingen ..............................................................40
LITERATUUR – H3 ONGELIJKHEID – ARTS EN FLAP ..........................................................................................43
3.1 Vragen over verhoudingen én verdelingen ..................................................................................43
3.6 De scheiding van eigendom en beheer ......................................................................................44
3.7 Waarom geen socialisme in de VS? ...........................................................................................44
3.8 Mobiliteit als onderdeel van het ongelijkheidsprobleem..............................................................45
COLLEGE 5 – HOORCOLLEGE TOEPASSING CUMULATIEVE WETENSCHAP EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE
VAN MARX EN ENGELS .................................................................................................................... 46
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT BIJ ONTWIKKELINGSGANG IN HET HISTORISCH MATERIALISME VAN MARX EN ENGELS ..............46
HISTORISCH MATERIALISME ......................................................................................................................47
Theoretische traditie ......................................................................................................................47
Verhouding dalingshypothese t.o.v. andere ideeën van Marx en Engels .............................................47
VOORTBOUW IN VRAGEN .........................................................................................................................48
Van ideeën vóór de sociologie naar vervolgvragen gesteld door sociologen .......................................48
HEDENDAAGSE VOORBEELDEN..................................................................................................................48
COLLEGE 6 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 49
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................49
CLIP – HET CSI-PERSPECTIEF ...................................................................................................................49
Wat is een perspectief? ..................................................................................................................49
Thematisch perspectief: CSI ..........................................................................................................49
Thema 1: Cultuur ...........................................................................................................................50
Thema 2: Sociale relaties ...............................................................................................................50
Thema 3: Ongelijkheid ...................................................................................................................50
2
, Het complete CSI-perspectief ........................................................................................................51
CLIP – HET MULTILEVEL-PERSPECTIEF .........................................................................................................51
Perspectieven op verklaringsmodellen ...........................................................................................51
Multilevel CSI-perspectief ..............................................................................................................52
LITERATUUR – H4 PERSPECTIEVEN .............................................................................................................53
4.1 The origins of sociological perspectives .....................................................................................53
4.2 Sociological themes and topics ................................................................................................55
4.3 Causal explaining (Erklären) vs. Subjective understanding (Verstehen) ........................................58
4.4 Multilevel framework ................................................................................................................60
CLIP – WERELDBEELDENHYPOTHESE VAN WEBER ALS VOORBEELD VAN MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIEF ...............................62
Max Weber (1864-1920): The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) ..............................62
Wereldbeeldenhypothese van Weber .............................................................................................62
Wereldbeeldenhypothese in een uitgebreider syllogisme .................................................................62
Wereldbeelden buiten religie ..........................................................................................................63
LITERATUUR – H9 RATIONALISERING – ARTS EN FLAP ......................................................................................63
9.1 Het bijzondere van het Westen ..................................................................................................63
9.2 Vijf onderdelen van het rationaliseringsprobleem .......................................................................64
9.3 Vraag naar de opkomst van het kapitalisme ...............................................................................64
9.4 Kern van het interpretatief individualisme ..................................................................................65
9.5 Wereldbeeldentheorie en toetsing ............................................................................................65
9.6 Kritiek en latere bevindingen .....................................................................................................66
9.7 Andere rationaliseringsproblemen ............................................................................................66
9.8 Legitimatiehypothese ...............................................................................................................66
9.9 Rationalisering in het Westen ....................................................................................................66
9.10 Afsluiting ...............................................................................................................................67
Samenvattend schema ..................................................................................................................67
COLLEGE 6 – HOORCOLLEGE CSI MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIEF EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE VAN WEBER
...................................................................................................................................................... 68
LEERDOELEN ........................................................................................................................................68
WERELDBEELDEN ..................................................................................................................................68
VOOR VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT ................................................................................................................68
Meritocratisch wereldbeeld ...........................................................................................................68
Narcistisch wereldbeeld ................................................................................................................68
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT: MULTILEVEL-PERSPECTIEF .....................................................................................69
COLLEGE 8 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 70
LITERATUUR – H5 OPINIONS.....................................................................................................................70
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................70
5.1 Waarom is Harry Potter zo populair? .........................................................................................70
5.2 Self-fulfilling prophecy ..............................................................................................................70
5.3 Conformiteit ............................................................................................................................71
5.4 Twee mechanismen van conformiteit ........................................................................................72
5.5 Social Learning Theory..............................................................................................................73
5.6 Popularity of Cultural Products .................................................................................................74
5.7 Diffusion of Innovations ............................................................................................................75
LITERATUUR – H6 NORMEN ......................................................................................................................76
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................76
6.1 College binge drinking: een sociaal probleem ............................................................................76
6.2 Social norms............................................................................................................................76
6.3 Social control theory ................................................................................................................77
6.4 Internalized norms ...................................................................................................................78
6.5 Legal norms .............................................................................................................................79
6.6 Why do norms emerge? ............................................................................................................79
6.7 Cultural maladaptation and norm change..................................................................................80
6.8 The dynamics of group distinction .............................................................................................81
CLIP - VERKLARINGEN VOOR CONFORMERE: SOCIALE LEERTHEORIE EN SOCIALE CONTROLETHEORIE ...........................83
Sociale leertheorie ........................................................................................................................83
Sociale controletheorie ..................................................................................................................83
3
sociologie
Hoorcollege en
literatuursamenvatting
Voorderhake, E. (Eline)
RADBOUD UNIVERSITEIT
,Inhoudsopgave
COLLEGE 1 – HOORCOLLEGE KENNISMAKING MET SOCIOLOGIE EN UITLEG CURSUS ......................... 7
LEERDOELEN ......................................................................................................................................... 7
COLLEGE 2 – ZELFSTUDIE.................................................................................................................. 8
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE-INTRO ......................................................................................................................... 8
CLIP – SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF............................................................................................................ 8
Sociale contexten ........................................................................................................................... 8
Relatie tussen sociologisch en individueel perspectief...................................................................... 8
CLIP – SOCIALE PROBLEMEN EN DOELEN VAN DE SOCIOLOGIE ............................................................................ 9
Sociale problemen ......................................................................................................................... 9
Sociale problemen ≠ sociale verschijnselen ..................................................................................... 9
Doelen van de sociologie ................................................................................................................ 9
LITERATUUR – H1 VRAGEN ........................................................................................................................ 9
Opbouw van het boek ..................................................................................................................... 9
Afkortingen....................................................................................................................................10
1.1 Het sociologische perspectief ...................................................................................................10
1.2 Sociale problemen ...................................................................................................................11
1.3 Drie doelen van sociologie ........................................................................................................12
1.4 Drie soorten sociologische vragen .............................................................................................12
1.5 De kunst van het vragen van goede sociologische vragen ...........................................................12
1.6 Sociologie en common sense ...................................................................................................13
1.7 Sociologie als cumulatieve wetenschap ....................................................................................13
COLLEGE 2 – HOORCOLLEGE SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF EN VRAGEN ......................................... 14
SOCIALE PROBLEMEN .............................................................................................................................14
SOCIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF ...................................................................................................................14
HOE STEL JE EEN GOEDE VRAAG? ...............................................................................................................14
COLLEGE 3 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 15
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE-INTRO ........................................................................................................................15
CLIP – THEORIE .....................................................................................................................................15
Wat is theorie? ..............................................................................................................................15
Structuur van de verklaring .............................................................................................................15
Wat is een goede theorie? Evaluatiecriteria voor de bruikbaarheid van theorieën ...............................15
CLIP – HET WEERGEVEN VAN THEORIE; CONCEPTUEEL SCHEMA .........................................................................16
Manieren om een theorie weer te geven ..........................................................................................16
Conceptueel schema ....................................................................................................................16
LITERATUUR – H2 THEORIEËN ...................................................................................................................17
2.1 Geboortemaand en sportprestaties...........................................................................................17
2.2 Theorieën en verklaringen .........................................................................................................17
2.3 Wat zijn bruikbare sociologische theorieën ................................................................................18
2.4 Durkheim’s theorie van zelfdoding ............................................................................................19
2.5 Concepten ..............................................................................................................................20
2.6 Causality – oorzakelijke verbanden in sociologisch onderzoek ....................................................22
2.7 Conceptual Models ..................................................................................................................23
2.8 Formal Models .........................................................................................................................24
LITERATUUR – H3 METHODEN...................................................................................................................25
3.1 Is your smartphone making you stupid? .....................................................................................25
3.2 Measurement Quality (Meetkwaliteit) ........................................................................................26
3.3 – External Validity .....................................................................................................................27
3.4 – Internal Validity ......................................................................................................................28
3.5 Exploratory Research ...............................................................................................................29
3.6 Qualitative and Quantitative Methods ........................................................................................29
3.7 Case Study Research ...............................................................................................................30
3.8 Administrative Research ...........................................................................................................31
3.9 Survey Research ......................................................................................................................31
3.10 Big Data Research ..................................................................................................................32
1
, 3.11 Experimental Research ...........................................................................................................32
3.12 Replication ............................................................................................................................33
COLLEGE 3 – HOORCOLLEGE THEORIE EN METHODEN .................................................................... 34
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT 1: CONCEPTUEEL SCHEMA DESTILLEREN UIT ARTIKEL .....................................................34
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT 2: BRUIKBAARHEID VAN THEORIEËN ..........................................................................34
COLLEGE 4 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 35
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................35
CLIP – DURKHEIMS INTEGRATIETHEORIE IN SYLLOGISME ...................................................................................35
.....................................................................................................................................................35
Structuur van de verklaring en voorspelling .....................................................................................35
Uitbereiding van groeperingen – tweede verklaring...........................................................................35
Uitbereiding van groeperingen – tweede voorspelling .......................................................................36
Generalisering van twee proposities ...............................................................................................36
Durkheims integratiehypothese ......................................................................................................36
Concretiseren van Durkheims integratiehypothese ..........................................................................37
Boodschap ...................................................................................................................................37
LITERATUUR – H5 COHESIE EN ZELFDODING – ARTS EN FLAP ............................................................................37
COLLEGE 4 – HOORCOLLEGE TOEPASSING SYLLOGISME EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE DURKHEIM ..... 38
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT: SYLLOGISME ......................................................................................................38
WAT IS COHESIE? ..................................................................................................................................38
Het cohesieprobleem in de sociologie ............................................................................................38
STRUCTUREEL FUNCTIONALISME ................................................................................................................39
Theoretische traditie ......................................................................................................................39
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) ..........................................................................................................39
SOCIALISATIE EN INTERNALISATIE-PROPOSITIE VAN PARSONS ............................................................................39
COLLEGE 5 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 40
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................40
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................40
CLIP – ONTWIKKELINGSGANG IN HET HISTORISCH MATERIALISME........................................................................40
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) en Karl Marx (1818-1883) en het Historisch materialisme......................40
Cumulatie bezien middels “kale kern” en diens invullingen ..............................................................40
LITERATUUR – H3 ONGELIJKHEID – ARTS EN FLAP ..........................................................................................43
3.1 Vragen over verhoudingen én verdelingen ..................................................................................43
3.6 De scheiding van eigendom en beheer ......................................................................................44
3.7 Waarom geen socialisme in de VS? ...........................................................................................44
3.8 Mobiliteit als onderdeel van het ongelijkheidsprobleem..............................................................45
COLLEGE 5 – HOORCOLLEGE TOEPASSING CUMULATIEVE WETENSCHAP EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE
VAN MARX EN ENGELS .................................................................................................................... 46
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT BIJ ONTWIKKELINGSGANG IN HET HISTORISCH MATERIALISME VAN MARX EN ENGELS ..............46
HISTORISCH MATERIALISME ......................................................................................................................47
Theoretische traditie ......................................................................................................................47
Verhouding dalingshypothese t.o.v. andere ideeën van Marx en Engels .............................................47
VOORTBOUW IN VRAGEN .........................................................................................................................48
Van ideeën vóór de sociologie naar vervolgvragen gesteld door sociologen .......................................48
HEDENDAAGSE VOORBEELDEN..................................................................................................................48
COLLEGE 6 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 49
CLIP – ZELFSTUDIE INTRO ........................................................................................................................49
CLIP – HET CSI-PERSPECTIEF ...................................................................................................................49
Wat is een perspectief? ..................................................................................................................49
Thematisch perspectief: CSI ..........................................................................................................49
Thema 1: Cultuur ...........................................................................................................................50
Thema 2: Sociale relaties ...............................................................................................................50
Thema 3: Ongelijkheid ...................................................................................................................50
2
, Het complete CSI-perspectief ........................................................................................................51
CLIP – HET MULTILEVEL-PERSPECTIEF .........................................................................................................51
Perspectieven op verklaringsmodellen ...........................................................................................51
Multilevel CSI-perspectief ..............................................................................................................52
LITERATUUR – H4 PERSPECTIEVEN .............................................................................................................53
4.1 The origins of sociological perspectives .....................................................................................53
4.2 Sociological themes and topics ................................................................................................55
4.3 Causal explaining (Erklären) vs. Subjective understanding (Verstehen) ........................................58
4.4 Multilevel framework ................................................................................................................60
CLIP – WERELDBEELDENHYPOTHESE VAN WEBER ALS VOORBEELD VAN MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIEF ...............................62
Max Weber (1864-1920): The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) ..............................62
Wereldbeeldenhypothese van Weber .............................................................................................62
Wereldbeeldenhypothese in een uitgebreider syllogisme .................................................................62
Wereldbeelden buiten religie ..........................................................................................................63
LITERATUUR – H9 RATIONALISERING – ARTS EN FLAP ......................................................................................63
9.1 Het bijzondere van het Westen ..................................................................................................63
9.2 Vijf onderdelen van het rationaliseringsprobleem .......................................................................64
9.3 Vraag naar de opkomst van het kapitalisme ...............................................................................64
9.4 Kern van het interpretatief individualisme ..................................................................................65
9.5 Wereldbeeldentheorie en toetsing ............................................................................................65
9.6 Kritiek en latere bevindingen .....................................................................................................66
9.7 Andere rationaliseringsproblemen ............................................................................................66
9.8 Legitimatiehypothese ...............................................................................................................66
9.9 Rationalisering in het Westen ....................................................................................................66
9.10 Afsluiting ...............................................................................................................................67
Samenvattend schema ..................................................................................................................67
COLLEGE 6 – HOORCOLLEGE CSI MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIEF EN KLASSIEKE SOCIOLOGIE VAN WEBER
...................................................................................................................................................... 68
LEERDOELEN ........................................................................................................................................68
WERELDBEELDEN ..................................................................................................................................68
VOOR VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT ................................................................................................................68
Meritocratisch wereldbeeld ...........................................................................................................68
Narcistisch wereldbeeld ................................................................................................................68
VERWERKINGSOPDRACHT: MULTILEVEL-PERSPECTIEF .....................................................................................69
COLLEGE 8 – ZELFSTUDIE................................................................................................................ 70
LITERATUUR – H5 OPINIONS.....................................................................................................................70
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................70
5.1 Waarom is Harry Potter zo populair? .........................................................................................70
5.2 Self-fulfilling prophecy ..............................................................................................................70
5.3 Conformiteit ............................................................................................................................71
5.4 Twee mechanismen van conformiteit ........................................................................................72
5.5 Social Learning Theory..............................................................................................................73
5.6 Popularity of Cultural Products .................................................................................................74
5.7 Diffusion of Innovations ............................................................................................................75
LITERATUUR – H6 NORMEN ......................................................................................................................76
Leerdoelen ....................................................................................................................................76
6.1 College binge drinking: een sociaal probleem ............................................................................76
6.2 Social norms............................................................................................................................76
6.3 Social control theory ................................................................................................................77
6.4 Internalized norms ...................................................................................................................78
6.5 Legal norms .............................................................................................................................79
6.6 Why do norms emerge? ............................................................................................................79
6.7 Cultural maladaptation and norm change..................................................................................80
6.8 The dynamics of group distinction .............................................................................................81
CLIP - VERKLARINGEN VOOR CONFORMERE: SOCIALE LEERTHEORIE EN SOCIALE CONTROLETHEORIE ...........................83
Sociale leertheorie ........................................................................................................................83
Sociale controletheorie ..................................................................................................................83
3
