D265 Guided Notes
Section 1
Define “proposition”: Statements that can be true or false.
Define “non-proposition”: Sentences that are not statements about
matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true
or false.
Complete the following exercises:
o Categorize each of the following as a proposition or a non-
proposition.
Let’s go get lunch. Non-Proposition
Lunch is the most important meal of the day. proposition
How much did the lunch cost? Non-Proposition
Lunch is not the most important meal of the day.
proposition
While there are many places that we could go for lunch,
given that you are a vegetarian, we should go to that café
on the corner. proposition
Make sure you get enough to eat. Non-Proposition
Define “simple proposition”: Have no internal logical structure,
meaning whether they are true or false does not depend on whether
a part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on their
own.
Define “complex proposition”: Have internal logical structure, meaning
they are composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or
false depends on whether their parts are true or false.
Complete the following exercises:
o Break each complex proposition down into its simple
propositions.
I am hungry, and I want to go to lunch. I am hungry. I want
to go to lunch.
You are not hungry, but you should come to lunch with
me. You are not hungry. You should come to lunch with
me.
, If it costs too much, then I will not buy it. It costs too
much. I will not buy it.
While there are many places that we could go for lunch,
given that you are a vegetarian, we should go to that café
on the corner. There are many places that we could go for
lunch. You are a vegetarian. We should go to the café on
the corner.
Define “argument”: An argument is a set of statements, some of
which (the premises) attempt to provide a reason for thinking that
some other statement (the conclusion) is true.
Define “non-argument”: Is one where the premises fail to support the
conclusion Wrong
Complete the following exercises:
o Classify the following as an argument or a non-argument.
Apples are healthy, Therefore, you should eat apples.
Argument
They bought the apples because they are healthy.
Argument wrong
The little boy went to the moon. He sprinkled fairy dust on
his feet, and he flew into the sky. He liked his time on the
moon. Non-Argument
I know that we never landed on the moon because the
footage looks weird to me. Non-Argument wrong
Define “premise”: The premises are the claims, evidence, and ideas
intended to support the conclusion.
Define “conclusion”: The conclusion is the claim that the whole
argument is intended to support or demonstrate or prove.
Complete the following exercises:
o Separate each argument into its premises and conclusion.
Conclusion We need to eat more apples. Premises After
all, the doc told me that apples are healthy, and it is smart
to eat healthy things.
Section 1
Define “proposition”: Statements that can be true or false.
Define “non-proposition”: Sentences that are not statements about
matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true
or false.
Complete the following exercises:
o Categorize each of the following as a proposition or a non-
proposition.
Let’s go get lunch. Non-Proposition
Lunch is the most important meal of the day. proposition
How much did the lunch cost? Non-Proposition
Lunch is not the most important meal of the day.
proposition
While there are many places that we could go for lunch,
given that you are a vegetarian, we should go to that café
on the corner. proposition
Make sure you get enough to eat. Non-Proposition
Define “simple proposition”: Have no internal logical structure,
meaning whether they are true or false does not depend on whether
a part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on their
own.
Define “complex proposition”: Have internal logical structure, meaning
they are composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or
false depends on whether their parts are true or false.
Complete the following exercises:
o Break each complex proposition down into its simple
propositions.
I am hungry, and I want to go to lunch. I am hungry. I want
to go to lunch.
You are not hungry, but you should come to lunch with
me. You are not hungry. You should come to lunch with
me.
, If it costs too much, then I will not buy it. It costs too
much. I will not buy it.
While there are many places that we could go for lunch,
given that you are a vegetarian, we should go to that café
on the corner. There are many places that we could go for
lunch. You are a vegetarian. We should go to the café on
the corner.
Define “argument”: An argument is a set of statements, some of
which (the premises) attempt to provide a reason for thinking that
some other statement (the conclusion) is true.
Define “non-argument”: Is one where the premises fail to support the
conclusion Wrong
Complete the following exercises:
o Classify the following as an argument or a non-argument.
Apples are healthy, Therefore, you should eat apples.
Argument
They bought the apples because they are healthy.
Argument wrong
The little boy went to the moon. He sprinkled fairy dust on
his feet, and he flew into the sky. He liked his time on the
moon. Non-Argument
I know that we never landed on the moon because the
footage looks weird to me. Non-Argument wrong
Define “premise”: The premises are the claims, evidence, and ideas
intended to support the conclusion.
Define “conclusion”: The conclusion is the claim that the whole
argument is intended to support or demonstrate or prove.
Complete the following exercises:
o Separate each argument into its premises and conclusion.
Conclusion We need to eat more apples. Premises After
all, the doc told me that apples are healthy, and it is smart
to eat healthy things.
