BIO-322 Patho. Exam 4 (GCU) Questions With Complete
Solutions
-doco Correct Answers duct
-emesis Correct Answers vomiting
-lithiasis Correct Answers stones
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
3 types: S/S, cause, Dx
overall S/S & Dx Correct Answers loss of kidney function
causes:
1. prerenal azotemia:
decreased blood flow to the kidney-
caused by NSAIDs or trauma
S/S hypotension, dehydration, oliguria
Dx: BUN : Cr > 15:1
2. intrinsic- intrarenal azotemia; aka AKI
cause: Kidney damage, inflammation, drugs, toxins
s/s:oliguria
Dx: BUN < 15:1
3. post renal azotemia- urine outflow obstruction
,S/S: Anuria, tumor
Dx: BUN:Cr >15:1
OVERALL S/S: decrease urine output, edema, fatigue,
confusion, dyspnea, seizures
Dx: urine output, BUN & Cr, GFR,
Na & K, KUB U/S, Abd. & pelvic CT
adenomyosis
RF, S/S, Dx, Tx Correct Answers growth of endometrium into
the muscular portion of the uterus
RF: 30-50, obesity, early menses, Hx of uterine surgery (c-sec.)
S/S: Dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, pelvic pain, dyspareunia,
enlarged abd. and uterus, palpation pain
Dx: CT, biopsy
Tx: OCP
amenorrhea Correct Answers absence of menstruation
anuria Correct Answers absence of urine
azotemia Correct Answers high BUN
, Benign ovarian cysts
S/S, Cause, complications, Dx Correct Answers S/S: unilateral,
asymptomatic, pain, bloating, dyspareunia (painful sex),
menometrorrhagia
causes: hormone imbalance
complications: rupture - hemorrhage
Dx: OCP. self resolve, removal
bening prostatic hyperplasia Correct Answers enlargement of
the prostate
RF: Age; 50% 60+, 90% 70+, FHx, African american
S/S: urgency, frequency, difficult to intimate or weak stream,
nocturne, leaking, gynecomastia,
late stage S/S: hematuria, bladder/kidney infection,
hydronephrosis (excess fluid in kidney)
Dx: DRE- enlarged smooth, PSA-Blood test, transrectal U/S,
biopsy
Tx: meds, alpha-1 blockers, finasteride, transurethral resection
Breast cancer Correct Answers RF: idiopathic, genetics, age,
FHx, radiation, obesity, early menses, late meno., mutated
BRCA 1 & 2 genes
Solutions
-doco Correct Answers duct
-emesis Correct Answers vomiting
-lithiasis Correct Answers stones
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
3 types: S/S, cause, Dx
overall S/S & Dx Correct Answers loss of kidney function
causes:
1. prerenal azotemia:
decreased blood flow to the kidney-
caused by NSAIDs or trauma
S/S hypotension, dehydration, oliguria
Dx: BUN : Cr > 15:1
2. intrinsic- intrarenal azotemia; aka AKI
cause: Kidney damage, inflammation, drugs, toxins
s/s:oliguria
Dx: BUN < 15:1
3. post renal azotemia- urine outflow obstruction
,S/S: Anuria, tumor
Dx: BUN:Cr >15:1
OVERALL S/S: decrease urine output, edema, fatigue,
confusion, dyspnea, seizures
Dx: urine output, BUN & Cr, GFR,
Na & K, KUB U/S, Abd. & pelvic CT
adenomyosis
RF, S/S, Dx, Tx Correct Answers growth of endometrium into
the muscular portion of the uterus
RF: 30-50, obesity, early menses, Hx of uterine surgery (c-sec.)
S/S: Dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, pelvic pain, dyspareunia,
enlarged abd. and uterus, palpation pain
Dx: CT, biopsy
Tx: OCP
amenorrhea Correct Answers absence of menstruation
anuria Correct Answers absence of urine
azotemia Correct Answers high BUN
, Benign ovarian cysts
S/S, Cause, complications, Dx Correct Answers S/S: unilateral,
asymptomatic, pain, bloating, dyspareunia (painful sex),
menometrorrhagia
causes: hormone imbalance
complications: rupture - hemorrhage
Dx: OCP. self resolve, removal
bening prostatic hyperplasia Correct Answers enlargement of
the prostate
RF: Age; 50% 60+, 90% 70+, FHx, African american
S/S: urgency, frequency, difficult to intimate or weak stream,
nocturne, leaking, gynecomastia,
late stage S/S: hematuria, bladder/kidney infection,
hydronephrosis (excess fluid in kidney)
Dx: DRE- enlarged smooth, PSA-Blood test, transrectal U/S,
biopsy
Tx: meds, alpha-1 blockers, finasteride, transurethral resection
Breast cancer Correct Answers RF: idiopathic, genetics, age,
FHx, radiation, obesity, early menses, late meno., mutated
BRCA 1 & 2 genes
