CISSN Exam Questions and Answers with
Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
,Explain how carnosine is a. carnosine (beta-alanyl histidine) is made
synthesized in the
within the body. body from histidine and beta-alanine via an
energy
dependent reaction catalyzed by carnosine
synthetase
b.Found in skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, brain,
kidney, and stomach.
c. Available in meats and absorbed in
intestine via
peptide transporters
d. Antioxidant activity, (hydroxyl and
superoxide
radical) and oppose
glycation.
e. Suppress lipid peroxidation and react
with
protein carbonyl
f. Regulates intracellular calcium and
contractility in
muscle
g. Primarily, carnosine with pH buffering
capacity is
widely used in the field of
sports nutrition. Because the dissociation
exponent
(pKa) of carnosine is 6.83, it is suggested
that
carnosine attenuates the reduction in
blood pH by
a large amount of H+ originating from the
dissociation of lactic acid during strenuous
exercise, and suppresses a loss of force
,What is a waxy maize starch and a. A highly branched starch called
what effect does it have on blood amylopectin.
glucose? Water soluble and absorbed by the gut
more
quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin,
research has
not substantiated this claim.
b. Has been shown to be absorbed with
less
insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to
remain,
increase both glycogen and FFA substrate
utilization.
Based on recent studies, which Vitamin D
vitamin shows evidence of
positively
affecting muscle function?
, Regarding energy drinks (ED), are The primary ergogenic nutrients in most
the following true or false? ED and ES
The primary ergogenic nutrients in appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine
most ED and ES appear to be True
carbohydrate and/or caffeine The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental
The ergogenic value of caffeine on and
mental and physical performance physical performance has been well)
has been well) established but the established
potential additive benefits of other but the potential additive benefits of other
nutrients contained in ED and ES nutrients contained in ED and ES
remains to be determined. remains to be determined.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes True
before Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before
exercise can improve mental exercise can
focus, improve mental focus, alertness,
alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance
anaerobic performance, and/or performance.
endurance performance. True
What is needed for Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate,
gluconeogenesis pyruvate,
in humans? Give examples of glycerol (a catabolic produce of
gluconeogenic triaglycerols) and
precursors. certain amino acids (glutamine and
alanine)
Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
,Explain how carnosine is a. carnosine (beta-alanyl histidine) is made
synthesized in the
within the body. body from histidine and beta-alanine via an
energy
dependent reaction catalyzed by carnosine
synthetase
b.Found in skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, brain,
kidney, and stomach.
c. Available in meats and absorbed in
intestine via
peptide transporters
d. Antioxidant activity, (hydroxyl and
superoxide
radical) and oppose
glycation.
e. Suppress lipid peroxidation and react
with
protein carbonyl
f. Regulates intracellular calcium and
contractility in
muscle
g. Primarily, carnosine with pH buffering
capacity is
widely used in the field of
sports nutrition. Because the dissociation
exponent
(pKa) of carnosine is 6.83, it is suggested
that
carnosine attenuates the reduction in
blood pH by
a large amount of H+ originating from the
dissociation of lactic acid during strenuous
exercise, and suppresses a loss of force
,What is a waxy maize starch and a. A highly branched starch called
what effect does it have on blood amylopectin.
glucose? Water soluble and absorbed by the gut
more
quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin,
research has
not substantiated this claim.
b. Has been shown to be absorbed with
less
insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to
remain,
increase both glycogen and FFA substrate
utilization.
Based on recent studies, which Vitamin D
vitamin shows evidence of
positively
affecting muscle function?
, Regarding energy drinks (ED), are The primary ergogenic nutrients in most
the following true or false? ED and ES
The primary ergogenic nutrients in appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine
most ED and ES appear to be True
carbohydrate and/or caffeine The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental
The ergogenic value of caffeine on and
mental and physical performance physical performance has been well)
has been well) established but the established
potential additive benefits of other but the potential additive benefits of other
nutrients contained in ED and ES nutrients contained in ED and ES
remains to be determined. remains to be determined.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes True
before Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before
exercise can improve mental exercise can
focus, improve mental focus, alertness,
alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance
anaerobic performance, and/or performance.
endurance performance. True
What is needed for Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate,
gluconeogenesis pyruvate,
in humans? Give examples of glycerol (a catabolic produce of
gluconeogenic triaglycerols) and
precursors. certain amino acids (glutamine and
alanine)
