CMN 568 FINAL UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREMIUM
REVIEW SHEET
●● ratio of time spent in inspiration/expiration
Answer: ratio of 2:3
●● what should you palpate on a respiratory exam?
Answer: - trachea at suprasternal notch
- posterior chest wall to gauge fremitus / transmission of spoken words
through lungs
- anterior chest wall (assess cardiac impulse)
●● what do pulmonary function tests do?
Answer: measures:
- air flow rates
- lung volumes
- ability of lung to transfer gas across alveoli-capillary membrane
●● should you perform a PFT on a patient with asthma exacerbation?
,Answer: no, PFTs are contraindicated in acute severe asthma, respiratory
distress, angina aggravated by testing, pneumothorax, active TB, and
hemoptysis
●● tachypnea
Answer: increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume
●● kussmauls respirations
Answer: rapid LARGE VOLUME breathing due to intense stimulation
of respiratory center from metabolic acidosis
●● cheyne-stokes respirations
Answer: rhythmic waxing/waning of rate and TV; regular periods of
apnea; seen in end-stage LV failure, neurologic dx, and sleeping at high
altitude
●● BLE edema indicates what?
Answer: indirectly measures pulmonary HTN; RV failure
●● what causes clubbing?
Answer: increased amounts of unsaturated Hgb in capillary blood; not a
reliable indicator of hypoxemia since cyanosis in polycythemia only
means mild hypoxia
,●● dull percussion indicates what?
Answer: lung consolidation or pleural effusion
●● hyper resonant percussion indicates what?
Answer: emphysema or pneumothorax
●● what does bronchial lung sounds heard over the periphery of the lung
indicate?
Answer: consolidation
●● what does globally diminished lung sounds imply?
Answer: significant airflow obstruction
●● Continuous adventitious lung sounds
Answer: - wheezes
- rhonchi
●● Discontinuous adventitious lung sounds
Answer: - fine crackles
- course crackles
●● wheezing
, Answer: - high-pitched musical sounds
- bronchospasm, mucosal edema, excessive secretions DUE TO
NARROWED AIRWAY
- powerful indicator of obstructive lung disease
●● rhonchi
Answer: - lower pitched, snoring, gurgling quality sounds
- seen with excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapse
- clears after cough
●● fine crackles
Answer: - soft, high pitched crisp noise associated with interstitial
diagnosis or early pulmonary edema
- fine-late inspiratory crackles indicate pulmonary fibrosis
●● coarse crackles
Answer: - louder and lower pitched, slightly longer in duration
- associated with pneumonia or HF or late pulmonary edema
●● chest and abdominal wall should expand....
Answer: simultaneously
●● normal lung sounds over periphery are described as...
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREMIUM
REVIEW SHEET
●● ratio of time spent in inspiration/expiration
Answer: ratio of 2:3
●● what should you palpate on a respiratory exam?
Answer: - trachea at suprasternal notch
- posterior chest wall to gauge fremitus / transmission of spoken words
through lungs
- anterior chest wall (assess cardiac impulse)
●● what do pulmonary function tests do?
Answer: measures:
- air flow rates
- lung volumes
- ability of lung to transfer gas across alveoli-capillary membrane
●● should you perform a PFT on a patient with asthma exacerbation?
,Answer: no, PFTs are contraindicated in acute severe asthma, respiratory
distress, angina aggravated by testing, pneumothorax, active TB, and
hemoptysis
●● tachypnea
Answer: increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume
●● kussmauls respirations
Answer: rapid LARGE VOLUME breathing due to intense stimulation
of respiratory center from metabolic acidosis
●● cheyne-stokes respirations
Answer: rhythmic waxing/waning of rate and TV; regular periods of
apnea; seen in end-stage LV failure, neurologic dx, and sleeping at high
altitude
●● BLE edema indicates what?
Answer: indirectly measures pulmonary HTN; RV failure
●● what causes clubbing?
Answer: increased amounts of unsaturated Hgb in capillary blood; not a
reliable indicator of hypoxemia since cyanosis in polycythemia only
means mild hypoxia
,●● dull percussion indicates what?
Answer: lung consolidation or pleural effusion
●● hyper resonant percussion indicates what?
Answer: emphysema or pneumothorax
●● what does bronchial lung sounds heard over the periphery of the lung
indicate?
Answer: consolidation
●● what does globally diminished lung sounds imply?
Answer: significant airflow obstruction
●● Continuous adventitious lung sounds
Answer: - wheezes
- rhonchi
●● Discontinuous adventitious lung sounds
Answer: - fine crackles
- course crackles
●● wheezing
, Answer: - high-pitched musical sounds
- bronchospasm, mucosal edema, excessive secretions DUE TO
NARROWED AIRWAY
- powerful indicator of obstructive lung disease
●● rhonchi
Answer: - lower pitched, snoring, gurgling quality sounds
- seen with excessive secretions and abnormal airway collapse
- clears after cough
●● fine crackles
Answer: - soft, high pitched crisp noise associated with interstitial
diagnosis or early pulmonary edema
- fine-late inspiratory crackles indicate pulmonary fibrosis
●● coarse crackles
Answer: - louder and lower pitched, slightly longer in duration
- associated with pneumonia or HF or late pulmonary edema
●● chest and abdominal wall should expand....
Answer: simultaneously
●● normal lung sounds over periphery are described as...
