Nervous System Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathologies Overview
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpnhb4
1. What is the primary function To communicate and regulate bodily functions by detecting stim-
of the nervous system? uli, interpreting it, and determining a response.
2. What is homeostasis? The maintenance of a constant and stable internal environment
within a narrow range.
3. What is allostasis? The process of achieving homeostasis, utilizing both the nervous
and endocrine systems.
4. What is neurology? The study of the nervous system.
5. What are the main compo- Brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves, sense organs, and
nents of the nervous system's neurotransmitters.
anatomy?
6. What are the main physiolog- Sensory input, interpretive functions, motor output, and higher
ical functions of the nervous mental functioning.
system?
7. What are the two main divi- Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
sions of the nervous system? (PNS).
8. What does the Central Ner- The brain, spinal cord, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
vous System (CNS) consist of?
9. What is the role of the Periph- To carry sensory information to the CNS and issue instructions to
eral Nervous System (PNS)? muscles and glands.
10. What are the two subsystems Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
of the PNS?
11. What is the function of the so- To transmit sensory input and control voluntary functions of
matic nervous system? skeletal muscles.
1/8
, Nervous System Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathologies Overview
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpnhb4
12. What is the role of the auto- To regulate organs, glands, and smooth muscle, controlling in-
nomic nervous system? voluntary functions.
13. What are the two divisions of Sympathetic (energy expenditure) and parasympathetic (energy
the autonomic nervous sys- conservation).
tem?
14. What are neurons? Impulse-conducting cells that transmit nerve impulses.
15. What is the function of neu- To support, nourish, protect, and insulate neurons without trans-
roglia? mitting impulses.
16. What are the main parts of a Cell body, dendrites, and axon.
neuron?
17. What is the role of neuro- Chemical messengers that transmit impulses across synapses to
transmitters? other neurons, muscles, or glands.
18. What are afferent neurons? Sensory neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS.
19. What are efferent neurons? Motor neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS to muscles
or glands.
20. What is a reflex arc? A neural pathway that controls a reflex action.
21. What are exteroceptors? Receptors that receive stimuli from the external environment.
22. What are proprioceptors? Interoceptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect
body movement and position.
23. What are chemoreceptors? Receptors that detect chemical stimuli, such as taste and smell.
24. What is the function of astro- To anchor neurons to capillaries and help form the blood-brain
cytes in the CNS? barrier.
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpnhb4
1. What is the primary function To communicate and regulate bodily functions by detecting stim-
of the nervous system? uli, interpreting it, and determining a response.
2. What is homeostasis? The maintenance of a constant and stable internal environment
within a narrow range.
3. What is allostasis? The process of achieving homeostasis, utilizing both the nervous
and endocrine systems.
4. What is neurology? The study of the nervous system.
5. What are the main compo- Brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves, sense organs, and
nents of the nervous system's neurotransmitters.
anatomy?
6. What are the main physiolog- Sensory input, interpretive functions, motor output, and higher
ical functions of the nervous mental functioning.
system?
7. What are the two main divi- Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System
sions of the nervous system? (PNS).
8. What does the Central Ner- The brain, spinal cord, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
vous System (CNS) consist of?
9. What is the role of the Periph- To carry sensory information to the CNS and issue instructions to
eral Nervous System (PNS)? muscles and glands.
10. What are the two subsystems Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
of the PNS?
11. What is the function of the so- To transmit sensory input and control voluntary functions of
matic nervous system? skeletal muscles.
1/8
, Nervous System Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathologies Overview
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpnhb4
12. What is the role of the auto- To regulate organs, glands, and smooth muscle, controlling in-
nomic nervous system? voluntary functions.
13. What are the two divisions of Sympathetic (energy expenditure) and parasympathetic (energy
the autonomic nervous sys- conservation).
tem?
14. What are neurons? Impulse-conducting cells that transmit nerve impulses.
15. What is the function of neu- To support, nourish, protect, and insulate neurons without trans-
roglia? mitting impulses.
16. What are the main parts of a Cell body, dendrites, and axon.
neuron?
17. What is the role of neuro- Chemical messengers that transmit impulses across synapses to
transmitters? other neurons, muscles, or glands.
18. What are afferent neurons? Sensory neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS.
19. What are efferent neurons? Motor neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS to muscles
or glands.
20. What is a reflex arc? A neural pathway that controls a reflex action.
21. What are exteroceptors? Receptors that receive stimuli from the external environment.
22. What are proprioceptors? Interoceptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect
body movement and position.
23. What are chemoreceptors? Receptors that detect chemical stimuli, such as taste and smell.
24. What is the function of astro- To anchor neurons to capillaries and help form the blood-brain
cytes in the CNS? barrier.
2/8
