Biology 1000 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
1st law of thermodynamics Correct Answers energy is never
gained or lost but is only transformed (often into heat)
2nd law of thermodynamics Correct Answers all energy
transformations are inefficient- the amount of usable energy in
the universe is decreasing and the amount of entropy (disorder)
is increasing
Active transport Correct Answers across a biological
membrane requires energy and transport proteins- moves a
substance against (up) its concentration gradient (low to high)
Aerobic respiration Correct Answers aerobic harvesting of
energy from molecules by cells; produces energy (ATP)
Anaerobic respiration Correct Answers does not use oxygen;
produces less ATP; products include lactic acid and alcohol
Autotrophs Correct Answers producers (produce their own
food); plants, algae, and bacteria
Chloroplasts Correct Answers contain chlorophyll and
accessory pigment
Coenzymes Correct Answers NAD+ and FAD accept electrons
and hydrogens to become NADH and FADH2; deliver electrons
and hydrogens to the electron transport chain
, Diffusion Correct Answers movement of particles from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration- moves
down a concentration gradient
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Correct Answers takes place
in the mitochondria; Production of 32 ATP; NADH and FADH2
are oxidized; pump hydrogen ions across an inner membrane;
this transport provides energy which transforms ADP to ATP;
oxygen keeps the transport chains clear by withdrawing spent
electrons at the end of the chain; oxygen binds with 2 electrons
and 2 hydrogens forming water
Endergonic reactions Correct Answers require energy
(products have more energy than the reactants)
Energy Correct Answers the ability to do work (bring about
movement against an opposing force)
Enzymes Correct Answers proteins that speed up chemical
reactions and lower the amount of energy required to start
chemical reactions (activation energy)
Exergonic reactions Correct Answers release energy (reactant
have more energy than the products)
Function of proteins in the cell membrane Correct Answers
adhesion, communication, transport
Glycolysis Correct Answers takes place in the cytosol; net
production of 2 ATP molecules per 1 molecule of glucose;
NAD+ converted to NADH; produces to Pyruvic acids
1st law of thermodynamics Correct Answers energy is never
gained or lost but is only transformed (often into heat)
2nd law of thermodynamics Correct Answers all energy
transformations are inefficient- the amount of usable energy in
the universe is decreasing and the amount of entropy (disorder)
is increasing
Active transport Correct Answers across a biological
membrane requires energy and transport proteins- moves a
substance against (up) its concentration gradient (low to high)
Aerobic respiration Correct Answers aerobic harvesting of
energy from molecules by cells; produces energy (ATP)
Anaerobic respiration Correct Answers does not use oxygen;
produces less ATP; products include lactic acid and alcohol
Autotrophs Correct Answers producers (produce their own
food); plants, algae, and bacteria
Chloroplasts Correct Answers contain chlorophyll and
accessory pigment
Coenzymes Correct Answers NAD+ and FAD accept electrons
and hydrogens to become NADH and FADH2; deliver electrons
and hydrogens to the electron transport chain
, Diffusion Correct Answers movement of particles from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration- moves
down a concentration gradient
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Correct Answers takes place
in the mitochondria; Production of 32 ATP; NADH and FADH2
are oxidized; pump hydrogen ions across an inner membrane;
this transport provides energy which transforms ADP to ATP;
oxygen keeps the transport chains clear by withdrawing spent
electrons at the end of the chain; oxygen binds with 2 electrons
and 2 hydrogens forming water
Endergonic reactions Correct Answers require energy
(products have more energy than the reactants)
Energy Correct Answers the ability to do work (bring about
movement against an opposing force)
Enzymes Correct Answers proteins that speed up chemical
reactions and lower the amount of energy required to start
chemical reactions (activation energy)
Exergonic reactions Correct Answers release energy (reactant
have more energy than the products)
Function of proteins in the cell membrane Correct Answers
adhesion, communication, transport
Glycolysis Correct Answers takes place in the cytosol; net
production of 2 ATP molecules per 1 molecule of glucose;
NAD+ converted to NADH; produces to Pyruvic acids
