CMN 554 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Onset
They manifest early in development, often before starting school.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Characteristics
Developmental deficits or brain process differences impairing personal, social, academic, or
occupational functioning.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Diagnosis Requirements
Diagnosis requires both symptoms and impaired function.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Basic Criteria
Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion A
Deficits in intellectual functions confirmed by clinical assessment and individualized,
standardized intelligence testing.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion B
Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet standards for personal
independence.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion C
Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Severity Levels
Mild, moderate, severe, and profound.
,Mild Intellectual Disability: Features
Immature social interactions, concrete language, and need for support with complex ADLs.
Moderate Intellectual Disability: Features
Slow language development, elementary-level academic skills, and ongoing assistance
needed for ADLs.
Severe Intellectual Disability: Features
Limited conceptual skills, speech limited to words/phrases, and constant supervision
required.
Profound Intellectual Disability: Features
Conceptual skills involve physical world; dependent on others for all aspects of care.
The Flynn Effect
Overly high scores on intelligence tests due to out-of-date test norms.
Adaptive Functioning: Conceptual Domain
Competence in memory, language, reading, writing, math, and problem solving.
Adaptive Functioning: Social Domain
Involves awareness of others' thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Adaptive Functioning: Practical Domain
Involves learning and self-management (personal care, jobs, money, and behavior).
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Gullibility
Can result in exploitation, victimization, fraud, and risk of sexual or physical abuse.
,Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Prevalence
10:1,000; higher in youth than in adults.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Co-occurring Conditions
Commonly includes ADHD, Autism, Depression, Bipolar, Anxiety, and impulse control.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Risk Factors
Genetic syndromes, brain malformations, maternal disease, environmental influences, and
toxins.
Global Developmental Delay: Definition
Diagnosis for children under 5 when severity cannot be assessed via standardized testing.
Global Developmental Delay: Requirement
The individual fails to meet milestones and requires reassessment after a period.
Language vs. Communication
Language is a conventional system of symbols; Communication is behavior influencing
others' ideas or attitudes.
Language Disorder: Core Deficits
Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse.
Language Disorder: Modalities
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use across spoken, written, and sign language.
Expressive vs. Receptive Ability
Expressive is production of signals; Receptive is receiving and comprehending messages.
, Language Disorder: Associated Risks
Risk for peer victimization and, for females, triple the risk of adult sexual assault.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
A neurological condition suspected if a child experiences loss of speech and language.
Speech Sound Disorder: Definition
Persistent difficulty with sound production interfering with intelligibility or preventing verbal
communication.
Speech Sound Disorder: Age 3 Milestone
Among typically developing children, speech should be intelligible by age 3.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech
A term used for speech production problems with motor components.
The 'Late Eight' Sounds
l, r, z, th, ch, dzh, zh; misarticulation is normal up to age 8.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age.
Stuttering: Key Behaviors
Repetitions, prolongations, broken words, blocking, circumlocutions, and physical tension.
Stuttering: Associated Motor Movements
Blinking, tics, tremors, breathing movements, and fist clenching.
Stuttering: Demographics and Onset
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Onset
They manifest early in development, often before starting school.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Characteristics
Developmental deficits or brain process differences impairing personal, social, academic, or
occupational functioning.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Diagnosis Requirements
Diagnosis requires both symptoms and impaired function.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Basic Criteria
Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion A
Deficits in intellectual functions confirmed by clinical assessment and individualized,
standardized intelligence testing.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion B
Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet standards for personal
independence.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Criterion C
Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Severity Levels
Mild, moderate, severe, and profound.
,Mild Intellectual Disability: Features
Immature social interactions, concrete language, and need for support with complex ADLs.
Moderate Intellectual Disability: Features
Slow language development, elementary-level academic skills, and ongoing assistance
needed for ADLs.
Severe Intellectual Disability: Features
Limited conceptual skills, speech limited to words/phrases, and constant supervision
required.
Profound Intellectual Disability: Features
Conceptual skills involve physical world; dependent on others for all aspects of care.
The Flynn Effect
Overly high scores on intelligence tests due to out-of-date test norms.
Adaptive Functioning: Conceptual Domain
Competence in memory, language, reading, writing, math, and problem solving.
Adaptive Functioning: Social Domain
Involves awareness of others' thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Adaptive Functioning: Practical Domain
Involves learning and self-management (personal care, jobs, money, and behavior).
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Gullibility
Can result in exploitation, victimization, fraud, and risk of sexual or physical abuse.
,Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Prevalence
10:1,000; higher in youth than in adults.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Co-occurring Conditions
Commonly includes ADHD, Autism, Depression, Bipolar, Anxiety, and impulse control.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Risk Factors
Genetic syndromes, brain malformations, maternal disease, environmental influences, and
toxins.
Global Developmental Delay: Definition
Diagnosis for children under 5 when severity cannot be assessed via standardized testing.
Global Developmental Delay: Requirement
The individual fails to meet milestones and requires reassessment after a period.
Language vs. Communication
Language is a conventional system of symbols; Communication is behavior influencing
others' ideas or attitudes.
Language Disorder: Core Deficits
Reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse.
Language Disorder: Modalities
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use across spoken, written, and sign language.
Expressive vs. Receptive Ability
Expressive is production of signals; Receptive is receiving and comprehending messages.
, Language Disorder: Associated Risks
Risk for peer victimization and, for females, triple the risk of adult sexual assault.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
A neurological condition suspected if a child experiences loss of speech and language.
Speech Sound Disorder: Definition
Persistent difficulty with sound production interfering with intelligibility or preventing verbal
communication.
Speech Sound Disorder: Age 3 Milestone
Among typically developing children, speech should be intelligible by age 3.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech
A term used for speech production problems with motor components.
The 'Late Eight' Sounds
l, r, z, th, ch, dzh, zh; misarticulation is normal up to age 8.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age.
Stuttering: Key Behaviors
Repetitions, prolongations, broken words, blocking, circumlocutions, and physical tension.
Stuttering: Associated Motor Movements
Blinking, tics, tremors, breathing movements, and fist clenching.
Stuttering: Demographics and Onset
