EDITION) CHAPTER 1 – STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (2026 A+ GUIDE)
Categories of Healthcare: Secondary Services
These services are directed toward early diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, and
injury. Increasingly these services are being performed in surgery centers, offices, and
outpatient centers. The trend away from the hospital is related to containing costs,
increasing specialization of hospitals, and growing evidence that hospitals often harbor
medication-resistant infections.
Nursing and Health Restoration: Health restoration activities foster a return to health for
those already ill. The nurse provides direct care to ill individuals, groups, families, or
communities to restore their health. The nursing role includes addressing the physical,
mental, spiritual, and social dimensions of client care.
Categories of Healthcare: Tertiary Services
These services refer to long-term rehabilitation services and care for the dying. Historically,
these services were provided in extended care facilities. Now, however, many tertiary care
services are provided in the home or in outpatient settings.
Nursing and End-of-Life Care Death is an inevitable destination on the journey of life.
Nurses work with dying individuals, their family members and support persons, and
organizations (hospice) that focus on the needs of the terminally ill to promote comfort,
maintain quality of life, provide culturally relevant spiritual care, maintain dignity, and ease
the emotional burden of death
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Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing or "Lady with the Lamp"
,Began professional education of nursing.
Advocate for quality healthcare.
Transformed nursing into respected profession.
Recognized for her work during the Crimean War (1820-1910)
Designed hospitals to decrease mortality rates incorporating air, light, nutrition, and
adequate ventilation and space into the design.
Dorothea Dix
Served as superintendent of the U.S. Army Nurses.
Advocate of mentally ill. Created first generation of American mental asylums.
Clara Barton
, Founded the American Red Cross.
Lillian Wald
Pioneer of public health nursing.
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to fight the spread of diseases among
poor immigrants.
Mary Brewster
Pioneer of public health nursing.
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to fight the spread of diseases among
poor immigrants.