NRS 2010 FINAL EXAM OAKLAND UNIVERSITY
NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
FALL-WINTER |GUARANTEED PASS
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Vomiting
b. Hyperventilation
c. Pneumonia
d. An increase in noncarbonic acids
c
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2,
and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
c
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. kidney excretion of H+
b. kidney excretion of HCO3
c. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2
d. protein buffering
a
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
,c. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
d. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
a
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
lung tumor. Further testing indicates the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Confusion
b. Weakness
c. Nausea
d. Muscle twitching
e. Increased reflexes
a, b, c, d
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get
enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
b. Cyanosis
c. Hyperpnea
d. Orthopnea
a
A 20-year-old presents reporting difficulty breathing while lying down. What term should
the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
b. Apnea
c. Orthopnea
d. Tachypnea
c
What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both
metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations?
a. Audible wheezing
,b. Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause
c. Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, with periods of apnea lasting from 15
to 60 seconds
d. Slow inhalations
b
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
a. retention of metabolic acids
b. hypoaldosteronism
c. excessive loss of chloride
d. hyperventilation
c
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. pulmonary disorders
c. Cushing syndrome
d. renal failure
d
A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the
most likely cause of this situation
a. Hypoventilation
b. Apnea
c. Hyperventilation
d. Cyanosis
c
, A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing.
Physical exam reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes. What term will the nurse
use to document these observations
a. Hemoptysis
b. Cyanosis
c. Hematemesis
d. Ischemia
b
A 42-year-old presents with dypsnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles;
decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory
failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and alveolocapillary injury.. What is
the most likely diagnosis supported by the patient’s condition?
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
c. Postoperative respiratory failure
d. Malignant respiratory failure
b
Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most
common presenting factor?
a. Productive cough
b. Cyanosis
c. Dyspnea
d. Cor pulmonale
c
A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment
shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:
a. increased flow rates
b. air trapping
c. decreased inspiratory reserve volumes
d. alveolar destruction
NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
FALL-WINTER |GUARANTEED PASS
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Vomiting
b. Hyperventilation
c. Pneumonia
d. An increase in noncarbonic acids
c
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2,
and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
c
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. kidney excretion of H+
b. kidney excretion of HCO3
c. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2
d. protein buffering
a
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
b. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
,c. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
d. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
a
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting
lung tumor. Further testing indicates the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following
assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
a. Confusion
b. Weakness
c. Nausea
d. Muscle twitching
e. Increased reflexes
a, b, c, d
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get
enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
b. Cyanosis
c. Hyperpnea
d. Orthopnea
a
A 20-year-old presents reporting difficulty breathing while lying down. What term should
the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Dyspnea
b. Apnea
c. Orthopnea
d. Tachypnea
c
What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both
metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations?
a. Audible wheezing
,b. Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause
c. Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, with periods of apnea lasting from 15
to 60 seconds
d. Slow inhalations
b
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
a. retention of metabolic acids
b. hypoaldosteronism
c. excessive loss of chloride
d. hyperventilation
c
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with:
a. diabetes insipidus
b. pulmonary disorders
c. Cushing syndrome
d. renal failure
d
A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the
most likely cause of this situation
a. Hypoventilation
b. Apnea
c. Hyperventilation
d. Cyanosis
c
, A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing.
Physical exam reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes. What term will the nurse
use to document these observations
a. Hemoptysis
b. Cyanosis
c. Hematemesis
d. Ischemia
b
A 42-year-old presents with dypsnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles;
decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory
failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and alveolocapillary injury.. What is
the most likely diagnosis supported by the patient’s condition?
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
c. Postoperative respiratory failure
d. Malignant respiratory failure
b
Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most
common presenting factor?
a. Productive cough
b. Cyanosis
c. Dyspnea
d. Cor pulmonale
c
A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment
shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:
a. increased flow rates
b. air trapping
c. decreased inspiratory reserve volumes
d. alveolar destruction
