COM 114 Test Out Terms/Summaries - Purdue
University Questions and Correct Answers
Clincher
The final remark that you will make to your audience
Introduction
Capture the attention of your audience, establish your credibility, relate the material to your
audience, announce the topic of the speech, preview the main points of the speech; makes up
10% of the entire speech
Body
Supporting evidence and research; makes up 85% of the entire speech
Conclusion
Restate the thesis, restate the main points, end with a clincher; makes up 5% of the entire
speech
Asked Question I Don't Know the Answer to
Be honest-you may ask if someone in the audience knows the answer or you can get back to
them once you've located the information (make sure you contact them or else this could
effect your credibility)
How Should I Answer the Questions Asked
Keep the answers concise and direct, listen to the entire question, repeat each question
Transitions
,Words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between ideas in your presentation
and allow listeners to follow you easily
Main points
Important topics to the purpose of the speech (usually two to three)
Subpoints
Build up, support, and explain the main points of the speech
Sub-subpoints
Build up, support, and explain the subpoints within the speech
Equal Support
The ideas that support your main points should be held at equal value
Coordination
The ideas at the same level of importance should use the same series of symbols and have the
same indentation
Enhance Credibility
Experiences, qualifications, or educational background
Cannot Enhance Credibility
Offending your audience while making your credibility statement
Ethos
Appeal that is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader;
the extent to which the audience trusts you; for example: I am a doctor and therefore you
should trust me when I say this is the best treatment for you
,Logos
Appeal that is a way of persuading an audience by reason; inductive and deductive reasoning;
for example: It's nonsense to try drugs if you know they are damaging to your health
Pathos
Appeal that is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional
response; for example: You should consider another route home, I heard many gangs come
out at night on that street
Informatory Presentation
Seeks to create awareness of the part of an audience regarding a specific issue
Explanatory Presentation
Seeks to deepen the audience's understanding; goes beyond making the audience aware of a
particular phenomenon and actually create understanding
Why are Visual Aids Important
Increases clarity and retention, increases effectiveness in both the speaker and the
presentation
Why are Visual Aids Used by a Speaker
The audience's ability to process the information and understand the presented material is
greatly enhanced
Pie Chart
Used when comparing parts of a whole or percentages of the total
Bar Chart
, Used when making comparisons among different types of items to allow for easy visual
ranking across items in a category
Line Chart
Used for comparing charges over time in a set of data to examine trends
Straw Person
Fallacy when someone ignores or misrepresents a person's actual position and substitutes a
weaker, distorted or misrepresented version of that position, thereby making it easier to refute
the opponent's position; for example: A biology teachers says all things evolve, a student says
humans could not have come from bugs
Red Herring
Fallacy where an irrelevant topic is inserted into the discussion to divert attention away from
the real issue; for example: Mom gets phone bill and you've gone over your limit so you tell
her about your math test
Slippery Slope
Fallacy that asserts that some action will inevitably lead to a chain of events that will end in a
certain result; for example: If you allow a student to redo a test, they will want to redo every
assignment
Ad Hominem
Fallacy where irrelevant personal attacks are made against a person or a group to which the
person belongs instead of against the argument the person supports; for example: A lawyer
attacks the defendant's character instead of what is in question
False Analogy
University Questions and Correct Answers
Clincher
The final remark that you will make to your audience
Introduction
Capture the attention of your audience, establish your credibility, relate the material to your
audience, announce the topic of the speech, preview the main points of the speech; makes up
10% of the entire speech
Body
Supporting evidence and research; makes up 85% of the entire speech
Conclusion
Restate the thesis, restate the main points, end with a clincher; makes up 5% of the entire
speech
Asked Question I Don't Know the Answer to
Be honest-you may ask if someone in the audience knows the answer or you can get back to
them once you've located the information (make sure you contact them or else this could
effect your credibility)
How Should I Answer the Questions Asked
Keep the answers concise and direct, listen to the entire question, repeat each question
Transitions
,Words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between ideas in your presentation
and allow listeners to follow you easily
Main points
Important topics to the purpose of the speech (usually two to three)
Subpoints
Build up, support, and explain the main points of the speech
Sub-subpoints
Build up, support, and explain the subpoints within the speech
Equal Support
The ideas that support your main points should be held at equal value
Coordination
The ideas at the same level of importance should use the same series of symbols and have the
same indentation
Enhance Credibility
Experiences, qualifications, or educational background
Cannot Enhance Credibility
Offending your audience while making your credibility statement
Ethos
Appeal that is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader;
the extent to which the audience trusts you; for example: I am a doctor and therefore you
should trust me when I say this is the best treatment for you
,Logos
Appeal that is a way of persuading an audience by reason; inductive and deductive reasoning;
for example: It's nonsense to try drugs if you know they are damaging to your health
Pathos
Appeal that is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional
response; for example: You should consider another route home, I heard many gangs come
out at night on that street
Informatory Presentation
Seeks to create awareness of the part of an audience regarding a specific issue
Explanatory Presentation
Seeks to deepen the audience's understanding; goes beyond making the audience aware of a
particular phenomenon and actually create understanding
Why are Visual Aids Important
Increases clarity and retention, increases effectiveness in both the speaker and the
presentation
Why are Visual Aids Used by a Speaker
The audience's ability to process the information and understand the presented material is
greatly enhanced
Pie Chart
Used when comparing parts of a whole or percentages of the total
Bar Chart
, Used when making comparisons among different types of items to allow for easy visual
ranking across items in a category
Line Chart
Used for comparing charges over time in a set of data to examine trends
Straw Person
Fallacy when someone ignores or misrepresents a person's actual position and substitutes a
weaker, distorted or misrepresented version of that position, thereby making it easier to refute
the opponent's position; for example: A biology teachers says all things evolve, a student says
humans could not have come from bugs
Red Herring
Fallacy where an irrelevant topic is inserted into the discussion to divert attention away from
the real issue; for example: Mom gets phone bill and you've gone over your limit so you tell
her about your math test
Slippery Slope
Fallacy that asserts that some action will inevitably lead to a chain of events that will end in a
certain result; for example: If you allow a student to redo a test, they will want to redo every
assignment
Ad Hominem
Fallacy where irrelevant personal attacks are made against a person or a group to which the
person belongs instead of against the argument the person supports; for example: A lawyer
attacks the defendant's character instead of what is in question
False Analogy
