NSG 502 Exam 2 Rush University || Questions and Answers.
Define -ectomy correct answers - excision or removal of
- ex: appendectomy
Define -lysis (surgical) correct answers - destruction of
- electrolysis (hair removal)
Define -orrhaphy correct answers - repair or suture of
- ex: herniorrhaphy
Define -oscopy correct answers - looking into
- ex: endoscopy
Define -ostomy correct answers - creation of opening into
- ex: colonoscopy
Define -otomy correct answers - cutting into or incision of
- ex: tracheotomy
Define -plasty correct answers - repair or reconstruction of
- ex: mammoplasty
Define bypass correct answers - surgery to provide a conduit past a blockage
- ex: coronary artery bypass surgery; gastric bypass surgery
Define rhino- correct answers - nose
,- ex: rhinoplasty (nose job)
Define tympano- correct answers - ear drum (tympanic membrane)
- ex: tympanostomy
Define thorac- correct answers - chest
- ex: thoracentesis
Define pnemon- correct answers - lungs
- ex: pneumonectomy
Define herni- correct answers rupture/protrusion
Define col- correct answers - colon
- ex: colectomy
Define ileo- correct answers - ilium
- ex: ileostomy
List critical parameters within the preoperative history and physical that have the potential to
delay surgery: *infection unrelated to surgical procedure* correct answers - check CBC for
elevated WBC
- An impaired immune system can lead to delayed wound healing and an increased risk for
infections.
- Elective surgery may be canceled if the patient has an acute infection (e.g., sinusitis, influenza).
List critical parameters within the preoperative history and physical that have the potential to
delay surgery: *coagulapathy from drugs or diseases* correct answers - check INR/PT, aPTT
,- gotta be able to control the bleeding as you cut someone open
three legal requirements of informed consent correct answers - *adequate disclosure* of
diagnosis, treatments, risks, probability of success, alternative treatments, alternative prognoses
- *patient understanding* before sedation
- *gives consent voluntarily*
discuss legal implications of informed consent correct answers - surgeon is ultimately
responsible
- nurse is witness to signature
- nurse is advocate for patient understanding, implications, and no coercion
- consent can be withdrawn at any time (even if signed)
- If the patient is a minor, unconscious, or mentally incompetent to sign the permit, a legally
appointed representative or responsible family member may give written permission
- A true medical emergency may override the need to obtain consent.
what is presumed consent? correct answers a legislative framework in which citizens must place
their name on a national opt-out register, otherwise their consent for donating their organs will be
presumed.
are emancipated minors able to consent to their own treatment? correct answers yes
Discuss the importance of surgical site and time out in the preoperative checklist. correct answers
avoid a sentinel event by ensuring the following:
- correct patient
- correct surgery
- correct limb
- proper consent
, Define general anesthesia correct answers - loss of sensation with loss of consciousness
- usually involves use of inhalation agents
- no cough, gag, vomit, sns reflexes/responsiveness
- *requires advanced airway management*
Define regional anesthesia correct answers - loss of sensation to a region of body
- no loss of consciousness
- blocks a specific nerve or group of nerves with local anesthetic
- ex: spinal, caudal, epidural anesthesia; peripheral nerve blocks
Define moderate/deep sedation correct answers - sedative, anxiolytic, and/or analgesic drugs
used
- does not include inhalation agents
- patients responsive and breathe without assistance
- used for minor therapeutic procedures
Describe use of the following perioperative equipment: incentive spirometer, sequential
compression device, leg exercises, breathing techniques; adapt these interventions to meet the
needs of the pediatric population. correct answers - used to prevent atelectasis and clots, etc
- pediatric adaptations will go here if i remember to come back
cardiovascular/fluid volume post-operative care and appropriate nursing interventions. correct
answers - estimated blood loss
- monitor VS and trends (BP, HR, pulse pressure, rhythm)
- assess I/Os
- assess pulses (especially peripheral if undergone a peripheral surgery)
- cardiac meds may be required
- titrate fluid infusion rate
Define -ectomy correct answers - excision or removal of
- ex: appendectomy
Define -lysis (surgical) correct answers - destruction of
- electrolysis (hair removal)
Define -orrhaphy correct answers - repair or suture of
- ex: herniorrhaphy
Define -oscopy correct answers - looking into
- ex: endoscopy
Define -ostomy correct answers - creation of opening into
- ex: colonoscopy
Define -otomy correct answers - cutting into or incision of
- ex: tracheotomy
Define -plasty correct answers - repair or reconstruction of
- ex: mammoplasty
Define bypass correct answers - surgery to provide a conduit past a blockage
- ex: coronary artery bypass surgery; gastric bypass surgery
Define rhino- correct answers - nose
,- ex: rhinoplasty (nose job)
Define tympano- correct answers - ear drum (tympanic membrane)
- ex: tympanostomy
Define thorac- correct answers - chest
- ex: thoracentesis
Define pnemon- correct answers - lungs
- ex: pneumonectomy
Define herni- correct answers rupture/protrusion
Define col- correct answers - colon
- ex: colectomy
Define ileo- correct answers - ilium
- ex: ileostomy
List critical parameters within the preoperative history and physical that have the potential to
delay surgery: *infection unrelated to surgical procedure* correct answers - check CBC for
elevated WBC
- An impaired immune system can lead to delayed wound healing and an increased risk for
infections.
- Elective surgery may be canceled if the patient has an acute infection (e.g., sinusitis, influenza).
List critical parameters within the preoperative history and physical that have the potential to
delay surgery: *coagulapathy from drugs or diseases* correct answers - check INR/PT, aPTT
,- gotta be able to control the bleeding as you cut someone open
three legal requirements of informed consent correct answers - *adequate disclosure* of
diagnosis, treatments, risks, probability of success, alternative treatments, alternative prognoses
- *patient understanding* before sedation
- *gives consent voluntarily*
discuss legal implications of informed consent correct answers - surgeon is ultimately
responsible
- nurse is witness to signature
- nurse is advocate for patient understanding, implications, and no coercion
- consent can be withdrawn at any time (even if signed)
- If the patient is a minor, unconscious, or mentally incompetent to sign the permit, a legally
appointed representative or responsible family member may give written permission
- A true medical emergency may override the need to obtain consent.
what is presumed consent? correct answers a legislative framework in which citizens must place
their name on a national opt-out register, otherwise their consent for donating their organs will be
presumed.
are emancipated minors able to consent to their own treatment? correct answers yes
Discuss the importance of surgical site and time out in the preoperative checklist. correct answers
avoid a sentinel event by ensuring the following:
- correct patient
- correct surgery
- correct limb
- proper consent
, Define general anesthesia correct answers - loss of sensation with loss of consciousness
- usually involves use of inhalation agents
- no cough, gag, vomit, sns reflexes/responsiveness
- *requires advanced airway management*
Define regional anesthesia correct answers - loss of sensation to a region of body
- no loss of consciousness
- blocks a specific nerve or group of nerves with local anesthetic
- ex: spinal, caudal, epidural anesthesia; peripheral nerve blocks
Define moderate/deep sedation correct answers - sedative, anxiolytic, and/or analgesic drugs
used
- does not include inhalation agents
- patients responsive and breathe without assistance
- used for minor therapeutic procedures
Describe use of the following perioperative equipment: incentive spirometer, sequential
compression device, leg exercises, breathing techniques; adapt these interventions to meet the
needs of the pediatric population. correct answers - used to prevent atelectasis and clots, etc
- pediatric adaptations will go here if i remember to come back
cardiovascular/fluid volume post-operative care and appropriate nursing interventions. correct
answers - estimated blood loss
- monitor VS and trends (BP, HR, pulse pressure, rhythm)
- assess I/Os
- assess pulses (especially peripheral if undergone a peripheral surgery)
- cardiac meds may be required
- titrate fluid infusion rate
