NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
WITH QUALIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
arteries - ANSWER-transport blood away from heart
veins - ANSWER-transport blood to the heart
capillaries - ANSWER-microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - ANSWER-exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - ANSWER-osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes - ANSWER-contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin - ANSWER-produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - ANSWER-1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2.
platelet clot 3. coagulation mechanism
Rh+ - ANSWER-antigen D in plasma membrane
, Rh- - ANSWER-absence of antigen D
anemia - ANSWER-causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to - ANSWER-less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia - ANSWER-fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of
epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss,
impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and
ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) - ANSWER-lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by
gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia - ANSWER-dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as
gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia - ANSWER-general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and
shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and
pancytopenia
WITH QUALIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
arteries - ANSWER-transport blood away from heart
veins - ANSWER-transport blood to the heart
capillaries - ANSWER-microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - ANSWER-exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - ANSWER-osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes - ANSWER-contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin - ANSWER-produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - ANSWER-1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2.
platelet clot 3. coagulation mechanism
Rh+ - ANSWER-antigen D in plasma membrane
, Rh- - ANSWER-absence of antigen D
anemia - ANSWER-causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to - ANSWER-less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia - ANSWER-fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of
epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss,
impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER-general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and
ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) - ANSWER-lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by
gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia - ANSWER-dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as
gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia - ANSWER-general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and
shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and
pancytopenia
