Chamberlain 2026 NR511 final exam
Chronic Constipation Management Strategies - Increase dietary fiber and water, encourage
physical activity, use of osmotic or stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying
pathology.
Diverticulitis - LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT scan to rule out abscess or gynecologic
causes.
Gastroenteritis - Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting; stool culture can help rule out
IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
Appendicitis - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ, with possible vomiting and low-grade
fever; confirmed with WBCs, urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell) - Abdominal pain with pallor and tachycardia.
PUD (H. pylori) - Epigastric burning relieved by food; treated with triple therapy.
C. difficile - Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea; diagnosed by ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with
metronidazole and supportive care.
Giardia - Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with Flagyl or atabrine.
,Salmonella - Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken,
eggs.
Rotavirus (in children) - Watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea - Evaluate recent diet, antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
Heartburn (GERD) - Classic symptom: Heartburn, often at night.
Associated symptoms of GERD - Dysphagia, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness.
First-line treatment for GERD - Diet modification + omeprazole for 6 weeks.
Endoscopy for GERD - If no improvement after first-line treatment, order endoscopy.
Lifestyle modifications for GERD - Small meals, upright after eating, elevate head of bed, no
meals 3 hours before bedtime.
Obturator Sign - Pain on internal rotation of flexed hip (appendicitis).
Rovsing's Sign - RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ (appendicitis).
General approach to abdominal assessment - Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation.
Identify tenderness, distension, masses, or rebound tenderness.
Management of Diarrhea - Metronidazole, fluids, probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for
Giardia; supportive care for Salmonella.
, Constipation management strategies - Increase dietary fiber (20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-
2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if needed, address medication side effects.
Heartburn Symptoms - Heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
Next Step if GERD treatment fails - Endoscopy.
Foods to avoid in GERD - Alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, caffeine, spicy/fatty foods.
Lifestyle Tips for GERD - Small meals, upright x 2 hrs, HOB elevated, no food 3 hrs before bed.
General Inspection in Abdominal Assessment - Look for scars, distention, pulsations.
Auscultation in Abdominal Assessment - Bowel sounds: Hyperactive (diarrhea), hypoactive
(obstruction), absent (peritonitis).
Palpation in Abdominal Assessment - Assess for pain/masses; light then deep; assess for
rebound, guarding.
Appendicitis Symptoms - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ; nausea/vomiting after pain
onset; anorexia; low-volume diarrhea; low-grade fever.
Appendicitis Exam Signs - Obturator sign: RLQ pain with internal rotation of the flexed hip;
Rovsing's sign: RLQ pain with LLQ palpation.
Appendicitis Labs - Mild leukocytosis with left shift; WBCs or RBCs in urine possible.
Chronic Constipation Management Strategies - Increase dietary fiber and water, encourage
physical activity, use of osmotic or stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying
pathology.
Diverticulitis - LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT scan to rule out abscess or gynecologic
causes.
Gastroenteritis - Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting; stool culture can help rule out
IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
Appendicitis - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ, with possible vomiting and low-grade
fever; confirmed with WBCs, urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell) - Abdominal pain with pallor and tachycardia.
PUD (H. pylori) - Epigastric burning relieved by food; treated with triple therapy.
C. difficile - Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea; diagnosed by ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with
metronidazole and supportive care.
Giardia - Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with Flagyl or atabrine.
,Salmonella - Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken,
eggs.
Rotavirus (in children) - Watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea - Evaluate recent diet, antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
Heartburn (GERD) - Classic symptom: Heartburn, often at night.
Associated symptoms of GERD - Dysphagia, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness.
First-line treatment for GERD - Diet modification + omeprazole for 6 weeks.
Endoscopy for GERD - If no improvement after first-line treatment, order endoscopy.
Lifestyle modifications for GERD - Small meals, upright after eating, elevate head of bed, no
meals 3 hours before bedtime.
Obturator Sign - Pain on internal rotation of flexed hip (appendicitis).
Rovsing's Sign - RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ (appendicitis).
General approach to abdominal assessment - Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation.
Identify tenderness, distension, masses, or rebound tenderness.
Management of Diarrhea - Metronidazole, fluids, probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for
Giardia; supportive care for Salmonella.
, Constipation management strategies - Increase dietary fiber (20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-
2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if needed, address medication side effects.
Heartburn Symptoms - Heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
Next Step if GERD treatment fails - Endoscopy.
Foods to avoid in GERD - Alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, caffeine, spicy/fatty foods.
Lifestyle Tips for GERD - Small meals, upright x 2 hrs, HOB elevated, no food 3 hrs before bed.
General Inspection in Abdominal Assessment - Look for scars, distention, pulsations.
Auscultation in Abdominal Assessment - Bowel sounds: Hyperactive (diarrhea), hypoactive
(obstruction), absent (peritonitis).
Palpation in Abdominal Assessment - Assess for pain/masses; light then deep; assess for
rebound, guarding.
Appendicitis Symptoms - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to RLQ; nausea/vomiting after pain
onset; anorexia; low-volume diarrhea; low-grade fever.
Appendicitis Exam Signs - Obturator sign: RLQ pain with internal rotation of the flexed hip;
Rovsing's sign: RLQ pain with LLQ palpation.
Appendicitis Labs - Mild leukocytosis with left shift; WBCs or RBCs in urine possible.
